Post on 03-Jan-2016
Chemistry SM-1232Week 7 Lesson 1
Dr. Jesse ReichAssistant Professor of Chemistry
Massachusetts Maritime AcademyFall 2008
Acids
• Properties include:• Sour taste• Dissolve many metals• Turn litmus paper red• Can have strong smells
Typical Acids
• Sulfuric Acid• Nitric Acid • Acetic Acid• Carboxylic acids• Citric Acid• Malic Acid• Hydrochloric Acid• What’s common to all acid names?
Typical Bases
• Sodium hydroxide• Potassium hydroxide• Magnesium hydroxide• Sodium bicarbonate• Sodium sulfate• Lithium phosphate• (ammonia)• What are common pieces to base names?
Acid and Base Definitions
• 1: Arrhenius Definition• Acid: produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions,
also just called protons• Base: produces OH- ions in aqueous solutions
Arrhenius Base
• A compound that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water.
• NaOH Na+ + OH-
• Mg(OH)2 Mg2+ + 2OH-
Typical Bases
• NaOH, sodium hydroxide• KOH, potassium hydroxide• NaOCH3, Soidum methoxide• Calcium Carbonate
Bronsted-Lowry Definition
• This definition rests on the transfer of H+ ions.• Bronsted acid is a proton H+ donor• Bronsted base is a proton H+ acceptor
Amphoteric
• Water is amphoteric because it can act like an acid or base.
• HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
• NH3 + H2O NH4+ OH-
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
• NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
• Base, acid conjugate acid, conjugate base
• On the left NH3 gained it’s a base
• H2O gave H+ it’s a base
• On the right, now NH4+ has an H+ to give so it’s
the conjugate acid• OH- lost the H+ so now it’s the conjugate base
Neutralization
• Most common reaction!• For Arrhenius acid Base Reactions:• Acid + Base = Water + Salt
• For Bronstead acid base reactions:• AcidH+ + Base- conjugate base- + conjugate acid+
Arrhenius Acid base Reactions
• HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl
• H2SO4 + 2 KOH 2 H2O + K2SO4
• Label the acid, base, salt and water
Bronstead Acid-Base Reactions
• HCl + NH3 NH4+ + Cl-
• Label the acid, base, conjugate acid, and conjugate base
Acid Reactions
• Acids eat metals• 2HCl + Mg H2 + MgCl2
• H2SO4 + Zn H2 + ZnSO4
• 2HCl + Fe H2 + FeCl2