Chemistry Notes

Acids and Bases

What are some common acids?

Vinegar (acetic acid)

Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid)

Citrus fruits (citric acid)

Car battery (sulfuric acid)

What are some common bases?

Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium hydroxide)

Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)

What properties do acids have?

Acids tend to be:

Tart or sour tasting

Electrolytes (in solution)

They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators) to

change colors

What properties do bases have?

Bases tend to be:

Bitter tasting

Slippery feeling when touched

Able to neutralize an acid

Also electrolytes (in solution)

What is an acid?

An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

The formula would be HaX, where X is any monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the anion’s charge.

Naming an Acid

When the name of the anion (X) ends in –ide, the name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the anion, then the name ends with –ic acid instead of -ide.

ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid

When the name of the ion ends in –ite, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ous acid instead of –ite.

H2SO3 is sulfurous acid

Naming an Acid

When the name of the ion ends in –ate, then the name would be the stem of the anion and the suffix –ic acid instead of-ate.

H2SO4 is sulfuric acid

Naming an Acid

Naming an Acid

Negative ion: Acid Name:

_____ ide hydro___ic acid

_____ ite _____ous acid

_____ ate _____ic acid

What is a base?A base is a compound that

produces hydroxide (OH-) ions when in solution.

Bases are named the same way that an ionic compound would be named.

NaOH is sodium Hydroxide

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3

• H3PO4

• HF

• HNO3

• KOH

• Ba(OH)2

• H3PO3

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H3PO4

• HF

• HNO3

• KOH

• Ba(OH)2

• H3PO3

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid

• HF

• HNO3

• KOH

• Ba(OH)2

• H3PO3

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid

• HF hydrofluoric acid

• HNO3

• KOH

• Ba(OH)2

• H3PO3

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid

• HF hydrofluoric acid

• HNO3 nitric acid

• KOH

• Ba(OH)2

• H3PO3

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid

• HF hydrofluoric acid

• HNO3 nitric acid

• KOH potassium hydroxide

• Ba(OH)2

• H3PO3

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid

• HF hydrofluoric acid

• HNO3 nitric acid

• KOH potassium hydroxide

• Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide

• H3PO3

Name the following acids and bases:

• HClO3 chloric acid

• H3PO4 phosphoric acid

• HF hydrofluoric acid

• HNO3 nitric acid

• KOH potassium hydroxide

• Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide

• H3PO3 phosphorous acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid

• calcium hydroxide

• nitrous acid

• ammonium hydroxide

• nitric acid

• hydrobromic acid

• phosphoric acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid HI

• calcium hydroxide

• nitrous acid

• ammonium hydroxide

• nitric acid

• hydrobromic acid

• phosphoric acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid HI

• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

• nitrous acid

• ammonium hydroxide

• nitric acid

• hydrobromic acid

• phosphoric acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid HI

• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

• nitrous acid HNO2

• ammonium hydroxide

• nitric acid

• hydrobromic acid

• phosphoric acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid HI

• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

• nitrous acid HNO2

• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

• nitric acid

• hydrobromic acid

• phosphoric acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid HI

• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

• nitrous acid HNO2

• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

• nitric acid HNO3

• hydrobromic acid

• phosphoric acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid HI

• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

• nitrous acid HNO2

• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

• nitric acid HNO3

• hydrobromic acid HBr

• phosphoric acid

Write the formula for the following:

• hydroiodic acid HI

• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2

• nitrous acid HNO2

• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH

• nitric acid HNO3

• hydrobromic acid HBr

• phosphoric acid H3PO4