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Chemistry 12.1

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The Arithmetic of Equations

More than 3000 cocoons are needed to produce enough silk to make just one elegant Japanese kimono. Like silk manufacturers, chemists must know how much reactant they need to make a certain amount of product. Determining the quantities of reactants and products in a reaction requires a balanced chemical equation.

12.1

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>The Arithmetic of Equations >The Arithmetic of Equations Using Everyday Equations

Using Everyday Equations

How is a balanced equation like a recipe?

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Using Everyday Equations

A balanced chemical equation provides the same kind of quantitative information that a recipe does.

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Using Everyday Equations

An equation can represent the manufacturing of a single tricycle.

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>The Arithmetic of Equations >The Arithmetic of Equations Using Balanced Chemical Equations

Using Balanced Chemical Equations

How do chemists use balanced chemical equations?

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Using Balanced Chemical Equations

Chemists use balanced chemical equations as a basis to calculate how much reactant is needed or product is formed in a reaction.

The calculation of quantities in chemical reactions is a subject of chemistry called stoichiometry.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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Practice Problems

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for Sample Problem 12.1

Problem Solving 12.1 Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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>The Arithmetic of Equations >The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

Interpreting Chemical Equations

In terms of what quantities can you interpret a balanced chemical equation?

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

A balanced chemical equation can be interpreted in terms of different quantities, including numbers of atoms, molecules, or moles; mass; and volume.

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

Number of Atoms

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

Number of Molecules

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

Moles

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

Mass

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

Volume

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>The Arithmetic of Equations Interpreting Chemical Equations

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>The Arithmetic of Equations >The Arithmetic of Equations Mass Conservation in Chemical Reactions

Mass Conservation in Chemical Reactions

What quantities are conserved in every chemical reaction?

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>The Arithmetic of Equations >The Arithmetic of Equations12.1 Mass Conservation in Chemical Reactions

Mass and atoms are conserved in every chemical reaction.

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Conceptual Problem 12.1

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Conceptual Problem 12.1

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Conceptual Problem 12.1

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Practice Problems

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for Conceptual Problem 12.1

Problem Solving 12.4 Solve Problem 4 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

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12.1 Section Quiz.

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12.1 Section Quiz.

1. A manufacturer of bicycles has 5350 wheels, 3023 frames, and 2655 handlebars. How many bicycles can be manufactured using these parts?

a. 2675 bicycles

b. 2655 bicycles

c. 3023 bicycles

d. 5350 bicycles

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2. A reaction that produces iron metal from iron ore is shown below.

Fe2O3•H2O(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) + H2O(g)

In this equation, the volume of gas at STP that reacts and the volume of gas at STP produced will be

a. 3 L and 4 L.

b. 67.2 L and 89.6 L.

c. 67.2 L and 67.2 L

d. 3 L and 3 L

12.1 Section Quiz.

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3. What is conserved in the reaction shown below?

H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g)a. only mass

b. only mass and number of moles

c. only mass, number of moles, and number of molecules

d. mass, number of moles, number of molecules, and volume

12.1 Section Quiz.

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