Chemical Mysteries in the ERTim Graham

Roosevelt H.S. ChemistryWyandotte, Michigan 48192

tsgraham@hotmail.comgrahamt@wy.k12.mi.us

(734) 759-5214http://grahamt48192.tripod.com/mstansta/

Methylene Blue and Hemoglobin

Methylene Blue

(colorless)

+ methemoglobin

Methylene Blue(blue)

+ hemoglobin

*methylene blue plays the role of diaphorase enzyme in converting methemoglobin to hemoglobin. Side effect… blue pee!

*note conjugation across the ring system in methylene blue

*leuco form lacks conjugation.

Hemoglobin Cycles

Hemoglobin

Hb( Fe2+ )

Oxyhemoglobin

Hb(Fe2+) * O2

Methemoglobin

Hb(Fe3+)

diaphorase

O2

15:10-15:57 17:56-19:57

NADH Diaphorase

MB ER Clip#2

Solubility of Cl1- vs. F1-

5:35-6:10 7:53-8:49 10:05-12:25 37:45-39:43

Demineralization of Teeth Enamel

Enamel…Calcium hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH(s) becomes more

soluble in an acid environment (stomach acid)

Calcium fluoroapatite… is a harder form of enamel (fluoride toothpastes and treated water.

Ca5(PO4)3OH(s) 5 Ca 2+(aq) + 3 PO43-(aq) +OH1-(aq)

acid

23:44-24:20 26:45-27:30 30:40- 31:24

Fluoridation… Colorado Brown Stain “Fluorosis”

Gerald J. Cox -initiated public fluoridation of drinking

water, Grand Rapids,Michigan, 1945. Today, 43 of 50 largest U.S. cities have fluoridated water at 0.7-1.2 ppm. (CDC)

Fluoride and Forensics…In The News! Senior researchers from Tennessee's Oak Ridge National Laboratory will search for fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds, one of the approximately 400 types of volatile organic compounds emitted by human bodies during decomposition. It is believed that these

compounds are formed as the fluoride added

to urban drinking water is released after death.

“Helter Skelter” Murders, 1969.

Charles Manson Barker Ranch

994 Chemicals found in Cigarettes: A Great Lesson in Organic Nomenclature!

Acetanisole; Acetic Acid; Acetoin; Acetophenone; 6-Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane;2-Acetyl-3- Ethylpyrazine; 2-Acetyl-5-Methylfuran; Acetylpyrazine; 2-Acetylpyridine;3-Acetylpyridine; 2-Acetylthiazole; Aconitic Acid; dl-Alanine; Alfalfa Extract; Allspice Extract;Oleoresin; Oleoresin Oil; Allyl Hexanoate; Allyl Ionone; Almond Bitter Oil;Ambergris Tincture; Ammonia; Ammonium Bicarbonate; Ammonium Hydroxide;Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic; Ammonium Sulfide; Amyl Alcohol; Amyl Butyrate;Amyl Formate; Amyl Octanoate; alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde; Amyris Oil; trans-Anethole;Angelica Root Extract; Oil and Seed Oil; Anise; Anise Star Extract and Oils; Anisyl AcetateAnisyl Alcohol; Anisyl Formate; Anisyl Phenylacetate; Apple Juice Concentrate/ExtractandSkins; Apricot Extract & Juice Concentrate; 1-Arginine; Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil; Ascorbic Acid;1-Asparagine Monohydrate; 1-Aspartic Acid;

These are just the ones that start with “A”

Ethanol is the preferred substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme

When the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme metabolizes the ethylene glycol, calcium oxalate crystals form.

Ethanol

7:50-9:05 10:50-11:43 13:30-14:22

ADH…Alcohol dehydrogenase is our primary defense against alcohol, a toxic molecule that depresses the nervous system. High concentrations of alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver and stomach detoxify about approximately one ounce of liquor per hour. The alcohol is converted to acetaldehyde by the oxidation of NAD+ to NADH. Acetaldehyde is even more toxic to the body than ethanol. The body quickly convertes the acetaldehyde into acetate and other molecules that are easily utilized by the cell.

Hydrogen Bonding…

DNA…

4:00-4:28 9:08-10:00 11:10-12:20 19:50-21:18

RDS…Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Nonpolar Tail

Polar Head

Dipalmitoyllecithin (Surfactant)

4:00-4:26 9:08-10:00 11:10-12:20 19:50-21:18

Lung Surfactant…

Exosurf

Dipalmitoyllecithin

Van der Waals Forces!

Huffing Toluene (metallic paints) Spray paints are often used as inhalants. Silver,

gold, and clear spray paints are often used to get high. Metallic colors of paints are preferred by users because of their high concentration of toluene, the ingredient in the paint that produces the "high."

Butane Used to refill cigarette lighters. Butyl Nitrate Butyl Nitrate is a substance sold in "head shops" as room

deodorizer. Whippets Whippets are metal canisters that contain Nitrous oxide used to

charge whip cream dispensers.

Water Intoxication23:43-24:36 29:52-30:10

Sports Drinks

Water Electrolytes Carbs

Pepper Spray…The Chemistry of Personal Protection.

9:59-11:10 12:28-13:11

Carbon Monoxide

Edgar Allen Poe’sdrooping eye and sagging mouth aretell-tale signs of carbon monoxidepoisoning.

Wilson’s DiseaseWilson’s Disease results from the liver’s inability to excrete excess copper. Copper then accumulates in the liver (leading to cirrhosis or fulminant hepatic failure) and in the brain (leading to neurological or psychiatric disturbances).

Penicillamine

(chelating agent)

Blue #1

Red #40Yellow #5

Azo Dyes

500 nm

630nm

Lindane: Head lice Treatment