1. Generally non-polar (generally insoluble in water)

2. Soluble in non-polar solvents (likes dissolve in likes )3. Non-electrolytes 4. Reactions generally occur slowly5. Have low melting points due to weak

intermolecular forces6. Reactions have high activation energy,

and therefore lower reactions

DefinitionDefinition - compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon

Homologous series - group of organic compounds with similar properties and related structures (differ from each other by CH2)

Hydrocarbons with the formula CnH2n+2 (Table Q)

All alkanes end in “ANE”.

Example: methane, ethane, propane

All alkanes have all SINGLE bonds and are saturated hydrocarbons.

Alkyl structures have one less hydrogen Alkyl structures have one less hydrogen than the corresponding alkane.than the corresponding alkane.

Side Chain Length

In Carbons

Name Side chain name

Alkyl Formula CnH(2n+2 -1)

1 meth methyl CH3

2 eth ethyl C2H5

3 prop propyl C3H7

4 but butyl C4H9

5 pent pentyl C5H11

6 hex hexyl C6H13

Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formula.

The more carbons in the structure, the more isomer variations that are possible.

Butane 2-methylpropane

Hydrocarbons with the Hydrocarbons with the formula Cformula CnnHH2n 2n (Table Q)(Table Q)

All alkenes end in “ENE”. All alkenes end in “ENE”.

Example: ethene, Example: ethene, propenepropene

All alkenes have All alkenes have at at least oneleast one DOUBLE DOUBLE bond (C=C) and are bond (C=C) and are considered considered unsaturatedunsaturated hydrocarbons.hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbons with the Hydrocarbons with the formula Cformula CnnHH2n-2 2n-2 (Table Q)(Table Q)

All alkenes end in “YNE”. All alkenes end in “YNE”.

Example: ethyne, Example: ethyne, propynepropyne

All alkynes have All alkynes have at least at least oneone TRIPLE bond (C TRIPLE bond (CΞΞC) C) and are also considered and are also considered unsaturatedunsaturated hydrocarbons.hydrocarbons.

Not all organic compounds are hydrocarbons!!

Different functional groups cause compounds to have different physical and chemical properties!!

Boiling Point/Melting Point The greater the # of carbons in carbon

chain, the higher the boiling point/melting point!

If compounds have the same # of carbons:

Highest BP/MP Lowest BP/MP*Alcohols Ethers Hydrocarbons*Acids Amines

Aldehydes Ketones

Reactions that involve organic compounds. There are seven (7) reactions we will discuss:

Substitution (alkane) Addition (alkene/alkyn) Combustion (carbon comp. + O2 H2O + CO2)

Fermentation Esterfication (organic acid + alcohol) Saponification (opp. of esterfication – soap)

Polymerization (many small 1 big)