Chapters 1 & 6

Intro to Graphics Communication

& Technical

Drawing ToolsScales

A drawing acts as the reflection of the visual mind, on its surface we can probe, test, and develop the workings of our peculiar vision

Edward Hill

What is Graphics Communication?• Effective means of communicating technical

ideas and problem solutions

• 92% of design process is graphically based

• 8% divided btw math, written, and verbal communication

• 80% of our communication is verbal

Mechanical Engineers/ Civil Engineers/ Manufacturing Engineers/ Designers/ DraftersCreative people who use technical means to solve problems

– Design• Products

• Systems

• Devices

• Structures

– Concerned with practical aspects

– Planning and production

– Communicate by graphic sketching

– Analyze solutions by specifying production procedures

– Create technical drawings used to document the design

– Create 3D models for initial design development

– Produce final product of working 2D drawings

– Concurrent engineering leader• Develop product over time using 3D software

Designers…• Think about the many features of an object that cannot be

communicated with verbal description

• Take visual image in mind of engineer and create on paper or virtually on the screen using a solid modeling software.

History of graphics communication

PDM- Product data Management PLM- Product Lifecycle Management

http://www.3ds.com/index.php?id=5831

1500 AD Perspective using glass screen

Perspective Drawing 1568

3D Modeling Mid 1980’s

Paper Folding Instructions

Need one sheet of paper Rules:

•Do not look at others folding work.

•Person giving instructions can only repeat once and cannot explain

1.Fold paper in half2.Fold both outer corners into the center3.Fold paper in half again4.Rip 6 slits on the longest edge5.Rip a tip off of the left corner6.Rip two triangles out of the slanted edge7.Unfold the paper

Paper Folding Activity

Were the instructions confusing?

What would have made the instructions more clear?

How does this relate to the need for an effective means of

communication in design?

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4 Areas of Communication

• Spoken Language

• Writing using symbols

• Mathematics (Abstract symbol based)

• GraphicsWhat do these Mean?

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%+=-#

What is Technical Graphics then? Real and complete language used in design process for:

1.Visualization

2.Communication

3.DocumentationDrawings- Graphical representation of objects•Freehand sketch•Mechanical sketch-using tools (rulers, etc.)•Computer methods - CAD or other programs.

Visual Science- Study of the processes that produce images in the mindGeometry- foundation for technical graphics such as grammar is for language

Shapes are the building block for technical graphics

Plane Geometry

Solid Geometry

Descriptive Geometry - analysis of space distances and relationships using graphicsAnalytic Geometry – analysis of structures using algebraic operations and position coordinates

Conventions- commonly accepted practices, rules, or methods. (Dashed lines, center lines)

Standards- Set of rules that govern how technical drawings are represented

ANSI- American national standards institute

Current Standard?ANSI Y14.5M-2009 example with GD&T

Pick a partnerDescribe verbally to partner that sketches without looking at slide

(3 Minutes)

Sketching Techniques/ Tools

Media Types & Sizes

• Grid Paper• Vellum• Bond Roll

• Sheet sizes recommended by ANSIA 8 1/2 X 11

B 17 X 11

C 22 X 17

D 34 X 22

E 44 X 34

F 40 X 28

Scales

Scale Factors:

1:1=1:2=1:4=2:1=

1:10=

Mechanical Engineers Scale (Precision)1:10 or 1/10 = .1”

1:20 or 1/20 =.05”

1:30 or 1/30 = .033”

1:40 or 1/40 = .025”

1:50 or 1/50 = .02”

1:60 or 1/60 = .017”

MATH!!.x=

.xx=.xxx=

AB -10 scale =BC - 20 scale =CD – 30 scale =DE – 40 scale =EF – 50 scale =FG – 60 scale =