CHAPTER 8

Solutions and Other Mixtures

MATTER

MIXTURES SUBSTANCES

Homogeneous ElementsHeterogeneous

Compounds

Mixtures

• Heterogeneous– Suspensions

• Maybe filtered out• Immiscible

– Do not mix

– Colloid• Can not be filtered

– Emulsion• A colloid in which

liquids that do not normally mix are spread throughout each other

• Homogeneous– Solutions

• Solute – dissolves• Solvent –liquid the

solute dissolves into• Miscible – 2 or more

liquids form a single layer when mixed

– Separated by distillation

Paper Chromatographyused to separate mixtures into their components

Solute

(Water)

(Ink)

Solvent – liquid that dissolves the solute

Solute – pigment particles

Different solute particles have different strengths of attraction to the liquid and the cellulose fibers.

Mixtures

• Other states of matter can form solutions– Gases can dissolve in liquids (air, soft drinks)

• Solids can dissolve in other solids– Alloy – homogeneous mixture composed of 2

or more metals

CD lab 14 & Penny experiment: alloys

How Substances Dissolve

Water

The Universal Solvent

2/3 of Earth’s Surface

¾ of our Body Weight

Water – Polar Compound

• Electrons are not evenly distributed– H +– O –– Polar compound

• Water molecules attract both + and – ions of an ionic compound

Drops on penny extension lab

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED with physical methods

CAN BE SEPARATED

Solvent – liquid that dissolves the solute

Solute – pigment particles

Different solute particles have different strengths of attraction to the liquid and the cellulose fibers.

Mixtures CAN be separated by physical means• Sorting Filtering • Heating Cooling• Chromatography

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED

CAN BE SEPARATED

2 or more types of matter

1 type of matter

SUBSTANCES CANNOT be separated into different kinds of matter

• Element–Made of only

one type of atom

Elements are made of atoms, and not the other way around

• Compounds–Made of

elements of 2 or more elements

–Every compound is different than the elements it contains

Substances

• Element– Substance with 1 type of matter

– Examples: • Periodic table

– One capital letter

– Zinc, hydrogen, copper,

• Compound– Substance with 2 or more types of matter

– Examples:• Compound

– Two capital letter

– Hydrochloric acid (HCl)– Table salt (NaCl)– Carbon dioxide (CO2)

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED

CAN BE SEPARATED

2 or more types of matter

1 type of matter

MIXTURES• Heterogeneous

– Contains more than 1 type of matter

– Not uniform

• Homogeneous– Contains more than 1

type of matter– Same throughout

Before it is Open?

After it is Open?Examples:

Chicken noodle soup

Vanilla ice cream

Examples: Soda pop

Ink from a marker

CAN NOT BE SEPARATED

CAN BE SEPARATED

2 or more types of matter

1 type of matter

Solutions• HOMOGENEOUS– Smallest particles

• Examples: – Penny– Solution X– Water– Food coloring & water– Alloys

• 14 Kt gold

Colloids• HETEROGENEOUS – Medium Size– Shows Tyndall Effect– Does not form layers

• Examples:– Corn starch– Gelatin

Suspension• HETEROGENEOUS

– Large Size– NO Tyndall Effect– Forms layers

• Examples:– Muddy water– Clay & water– Oil & water