Chapter 8 New Research Field in

Molecular Biology

8.1 Bioinformatics

1. What is bioinformatics?

Bioinformatics and computational biology

involve the use of techniques including applied

mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer

science, artificial intelligence, chemistry, and

biochemistry to solve biological problems

usually on the molecular level.

2. Major research fields(1) Sequence analysis(3) Computational evolutionary biology(4) Measuring biodiversity(5) Analysis of gene expression(6) Analysis of regulation(7) Analysis of protein expression(8) Analysis of mutations in cancer(9) Prediction of protein structure(10) Comparative genomics(11) Modeling biological systems(12) High-throughput image analysis

3. Databases BLAST ACCESS dbEST / Expressed Sequence Tags database ceDB databases Phenotypic databases LIMS BASE MOLCAS ……..

8.2 Proteome & Proteomics

1. What is Proteome?

Proteome - All the proteins expressed by a

cell , tissue or organism at a particular time

and under specific conditions.

Proteomics is the systematic study of all of the proteins in a cell, tissue, or organism. The analysis includes the identification, expression, localizations, functions (physiological and pathophysiological functions), and interactions of proteomes.

2. What is Proteomics?

4. Branches of Proteomics

Expressional Proteomics

Functional Proteomics

Structural Proteomics

Protein Microarrays

蛋白质芯片的意义用于构建蛋白质表达谱 ,进行抗原 -抗体筛选 ,药物靶点筛选 ,蛋白质 -蛋白质交互作用筛选等是蛋白质组进行功能分析的新技术

一种蛋白质的所有变异体 一个蛋白质家族的所有成员 一条信号通路中的所有蛋白质 一种组织、器官或有机体的所有蛋白质

一个芯片上可以容纳

Different Kinds of Protein Arrays

Antibody Array Antigen Array Ligand Array

Detection by: SELDI MS, fluorescence, SPR, electrochemical, radioactivity, microcantelever

蛋白质芯片检测

探针标记检测法 无探针标记检测法

表面增强激光解吸离子化技术(Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization, SELDI)

表面等离子体共振检测技术（ surface plasmon resonance, SPR ）

原子力显微镜检测技术（ atomic force microscope, AFM ）

同位素标记检测

荧光标记检测

化学发光检测

酶免疫标记检测

胶体金标记检测

蛋白质芯片的应用

疾病诊断和预警

药物开发

蛋白质组学

Problems

Expensive

Standard

Specificity

Sensitivity

Functional Proteomics (in vitro) Multi-well plate readers Full automation/robotics Fluorescent and/or chemi-luminescent

detection Small volumes (L) Up to 1536 wells/plate Up to 200,000 tests/day Mbytes of data/day

In silico methods (bioinformatics) Genome-wide Protein Tagging Genome-wide Gene Deletion or Knockouts Random Tagged Mutagenisis or Transposon

Insertion Yeast two-hybrid Methods Protein (Ligand) Chips

Structural Proteomics

High Throughput protein

structure determination via

X-ray crystallography

NMR

spectroscopy

comparative molecular

modeling

Structural Proteomics: The Goal

Why Structural Proteomics?

Structure Function

Structure Mechanism

Structure-based Drug Design

Solving the Protein Folding Problem

Bioinformatics & Proteomics

Proteomics Genomics

Medicine

Bioinformatics

Agriculture

8.3 Metabonome & Metabonomics

1. What is Metabonome ?

- It refers the complete set of met

abologically regulated elements i

n cells.

2. What is Metabonomics

Metabonomics is the branch of science concern

ed with the quantitative understandings of the met

abolite complement of integrated living systems an

d its dynamic responses to the changes of both end

ogenous factors and exogenous factors.

代谢组学的中心任务： 对内源性代谢物质的整体及其动态变化 对规律进行检测，量化和编录 确定此变化规律和生物过程的有机联系

代谢组学的应用

疾病诊断 药物的疗效和毒性评价 植物的细胞代谢组学评价

By the end...

Systems Biology

Final Exam