Chapter 8Chapter 8

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting

Key Terms Key Terms LightLightShadowsShadowsColorColorLighting InstrumentsLighting InstrumentsLighting TechniquesLighting Techniques

Light, Color, Lighting

Key TermsKey TermsPage 116Page 11625 Terms25 TermsRead, StudyRead, Study

Light, Color, Lighting

Types of LightTypes of LightDirectionalDirectionalDiffusedDiffused

Light, Color, Lighting

Directional LightDirectional LightDirectDirectPrecisePreciseHard ShadowsHard ShadowsUsed to light specific areasUsed to light specific areasExamples – Sun, Flashlight, Car Examples – Sun, Flashlight, Car

Headlights, Studio spotlightsHeadlights, Studio spotlights

Light, Color, Lighting

Diffused LightDiffused LightGeneralGeneralNot PreciseNot PreciseSpreadsSpreadsSeems to come from all directionsSeems to come from all directionsUsed to light large areasUsed to light large areasExamples – Fluorescent lights, Examples – Fluorescent lights,

Classroom, Studio Fill lights (large round Classroom, Studio Fill lights (large round lights)lights)

Light, Color, Lighting

Light IntensityLight IntensityAmount of light that falls on a given area.Amount of light that falls on a given area.Measurement – Lux (European Term); Measurement – Lux (European Term);

Footcandles (American Term)Footcandles (American Term)Baselight – refers to overall light intensity.Baselight – refers to overall light intensity.Low Baselight – open iris to allow more Low Baselight – open iris to allow more

light into camera.light into camera.High Baselight – close down iris to allow High Baselight – close down iris to allow

less light into camera.less light into camera.

Light, Color, Lighting

Baselight ExampleBaselight ExampleHoliday Choir Concert – iris on Auto and Holiday Choir Concert – iris on Auto and

picture washed out. Iris set at 2.8 +/-picture washed out. Iris set at 2.8 +/-Holiday Band/Strings Concert – iris on Holiday Band/Strings Concert – iris on

Manual and iris adjusted to 5.8 to 7 for Manual and iris adjusted to 5.8 to 7 for quality picture.quality picture.

Light, Color, Lighting

ShadowsShadowsUsually unaware of shadowsUsually unaware of shadowsTwo TypesTwo Types

AttachedAttachedFalloffFalloff

Changing the Field of ViewChanging the Field of View

Move the camera closer to event.Move the camera closer to event.Change the focal length by zooming In Change the focal length by zooming In

or Out.or Out.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Attached Shadows Attached Shadows Tied to objectTied to objectHelp us define the basic form or an Help us define the basic form or an

objectobjectContribute to textureContribute to texture

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, Lighting

Rough Texture Smooth Texture

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Attached ShadowsAttached ShadowsReveal Reveal

FormFormTextureTexture

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Cast ShadowsCast ShadowsSeen Independent of the object.Seen Independent of the object.Hand shadows on wallHand shadows on wall

Hand not seen – shadow seenHand not seen – shadow seen

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Cast ShadowsCast ShadowsHelp tell us where things are and when Help tell us where things are and when

events take place.events take place.Examples – Shadows of utility poles, Examples – Shadows of utility poles,

traffic signs, building walls. Pg. 123traffic signs, building walls. Pg. 123Note: Even if Cast Shadows touch the Note: Even if Cast Shadows touch the

base of the object they remain Cast base of the object they remain Cast Shadows NOT Attached ShadowsShadows NOT Attached Shadows

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

FalloffFalloffIndicates the degree of change from Indicates the degree of change from

light to shadow.light to shadow.The ‘speed’ with which light area turns The ‘speed’ with which light area turns

into shadow area – the brightness into shadow area – the brightness contrast between the light and shadow contrast between the light and shadow sides of an object.sides of an object.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Fast FalloffFast FalloffChange from light to dense shadow is Change from light to dense shadow is

extremely abrupt.extremely abrupt.High Contrast between areas.High Contrast between areas.

Slow FalloffSlow FalloffGradual change from light to shadow.Gradual change from light to shadow.Subtle Contrast between areas.Subtle Contrast between areas.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

FalloffFalloffDefines the contrast between Defines the contrast between

light and dark areas and how light and dark areas and how quickly light turns into shadow.quickly light turns into shadow.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

ColorColorBasic Process of Color MixingBasic Process of Color MixingTV Receiver and generated TV Receiver and generated colorscolors

Color Temperature and MixingColor Temperature and Mixing

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Primary Light ColorsPrimary Light ColorsVideo Camera Beam Splitter Video Camera Beam Splitter

takes White light and creates:takes White light and creates:RedRedGreenGreenBlueBlue

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

TV ReceiverTV ReceiverWorks on color mixing principleWorks on color mixing principle3 Electron guns in neck of tube3 Electron guns in neck of tubeOne gun fire beams of light at One gun fire beams of light at

Red, another at Green, etc.Red, another at Green, etc.More intense the beam the more More intense the beam the more

the dots of color light up.the dots of color light up.Mixing color.Mixing color.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

White BalanceWhite BalanceNot all light sources produce light of the Not all light sources produce light of the

same Whiteness.same Whiteness.Examples – candle (reddish); fluorescent Examples – candle (reddish); fluorescent

(bluish); flashlight ( weak batteries (bluish); flashlight ( weak batteries bluish, strong batteries whiter)bluish, strong batteries whiter)

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Color TemperatureColor TemperatureStandard by which we measure the Standard by which we measure the

relative reddishness or bluishness relative reddishness or bluishness of white light.of white light.

Kelvin DegreesKelvin DegreesMeasures the color differences of Measures the color differences of

white light.white light.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Kelvin DegreesKelvin DegreesMore Bluish the white light – the higher More Bluish the white light – the higher

the color temperaturethe color temperatureMore Reddish the white light – the lower More Reddish the white light – the lower

its color temperature.its color temperature.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Kelvin DegreesKelvin DegreesOutdoor Light – much more Bluish than Outdoor Light – much more Bluish than

indoor light. indoor light. Standard Outdoor Illumination Measurement Standard Outdoor Illumination Measurement

5600 degrees K 5600 degrees K Standard Indoor Illumination Measurement Standard Indoor Illumination Measurement

3200 degrees K3200 degrees K

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

GelsGelsColor Filter used in Studio and Field Color Filter used in Studio and Field

lightinglightingAffects light source Affects light source Blue Gel – raises temperature of studio Blue Gel – raises temperature of studio

lightlightRed Gel – lowers temperature of studio Red Gel – lowers temperature of studio

light.light.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

White BalancingWhite BalancingAdjusting the camera so it reproduces a Adjusting the camera so it reproduces a

white object as white on the screen white object as white on the screen Regardless of whether it is illuminated Regardless of whether it is illuminated by a high color temperature source or a by a high color temperature source or a low color temperature source.low color temperature source.

Required for color continuity.Required for color continuity.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Lighting InstrumentsLighting InstrumentsTwo types:Two types:

SpotlightsSpotlightsFloodlightsFloodlights

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

SpotlightsSpotlightsThrow Directional LightThrow Directional Light

Lights specific areasLights specific areasSharp beam of lightSharp beam of light

FloodlightsFloodlightsLights general areaLights general areaDiffused lightDiffused lightNon-directionalNon-directional

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Fresnel SpotlightFresnel SpotlightWorkhorse of studio spotlightsWorkhorse of studio spotlightsAllows light beam to be adjustedAllows light beam to be adjustedBarn DoorsBarn Doors

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Point to RememberPoint to Remember

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

FloodlightsFloodlightsNon-directional lightNon-directional lightShadows are soft and transparentShadows are soft and transparent

TypesTypesBroadBroadSoftlightSoftlightScoopScoop

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Broad SpotlightBroad SpotlightOpen-facedOpen-facedLarge tube-like lampsLarge tube-like lamps

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

SoftlightSoftlightLarge opening covered with diffusing Large opening covered with diffusing

material that scatters light.material that scatters light.Renders shadows invisibleRenders shadows invisibleSlow falloff lightingSlow falloff lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

ScoopScoopSmall & flexible floodlightSmall & flexible floodlight3200 degrees K3200 degrees KSoft lightSoft lightMore directionalMore directionalUsed for fill to slow Used for fill to slow

down falloffdown falloffScrim – diffuses lightScrim – diffuses light

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

EFP (Electronic Field Production) EFP (Electronic Field Production) LightLight

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

FloodlightsFloodlights

Produce general, non-directional Produce general, non-directional illumination.illumination.

They cause slow falloff.They cause slow falloff.

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Studio C-ClampStudio C-Clamp

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

SafetySafety

Do not touch Studio lightsDo not touch Studio lights

Basic LightingBasic LightingKey LightKey LightFill LightFill LightBack LightBack LightTriangle LightingTriangle Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Key LightKey LightPrincipal light sourcePrincipal light sourceReveals basic shape of objectReveals basic shape of objectSpotlightSpotlight

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Back LightBack LightOutlines object against Outlines object against

backgroundbackgroundFocused spotlightFocused spotlightOpposite cameraOpposite camera

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Fill LightFill LightSlows falloffSlows falloff

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Background LightBackground LightSpotsSpotsFloodlightsFloodlightsIlluminates Illuminates

backgroundbackground

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Field LightingField LightingScout AheadScout AheadBe preparedBe preparedDo not overload circuitsDo not overload circuitsDo not waste bulb lifeDo not waste bulb lifeSecure light standsSecure light standsMove equipment carefullyMove equipment carefully

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Outdoor LightingOutdoor LightingThe best light The best light

Overcast Day (Natural Lighting)Overcast Day (Natural Lighting)

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Measuring LightMeasuring LightIncident LightIncident Light

Baselight levelBaselight levelStand next to talent. Aim a light meter to Stand next to talent. Aim a light meter to

cameracameraAim meter at lightsAim meter at lightsCheck light meter needle readingCheck light meter needle readingMaintain same needle readingMaintain same needle reading

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Reflected LightReflected LightStand next to talent and point light Stand next to talent and point light

meter towards the light and the meter towards the light and the shadows from the direction of the shadows from the direction of the camera. camera.

Difference in readings provides lighting Difference in readings provides lighting contrast.contrast.

Use video monitor as best guideUse video monitor as best guide

Points to RememberPoints to RememberType of light and intensityType of light and intensityShadowsShadowsColorsColorsLighting InstrumentsLighting InstrumentsBasic Lighting PrincipalBasic Lighting PrincipalMeasuring LightMeasuring Light

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

Light, Color, LightingLight, Color, Lighting

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