Post on 28-Dec-2015
Learn About Weight Management
Why America’s weight gain
Define Overweight and obese
How To lose weight
UnderstandBody image
Eating disorders
Multiple Reasons For Weight Gain
Added calories Bigger portions Fast food Physical inactivity Passive entertainment Genetics
Childhood development Emotional influences Social networks
Marriage and Children
Environment Influences Weight
Social Network
Overweight seek out relationships with others who are overweight
Studies find that when one person becomes obese, friends are more likely to become obese
IncomeThe less money you make, the more likely you are to be overweight
Race Minorities at higher risk for obesity
Body Image Is Influenced By Media
The gap between reality and the media’s portrayal of ‘ideal’ is growing
Women
Overestimate their weight
Less satisfied with body throughout life
Men Underestimate their weight
Defining Overweight And Obese
Category BMI
Overweight 25+
Obese 30+
Class 1 30-34.9
Class 2 35-39.9
Class 3 40+
Body-Mass Index (BMI) is one measure of weight related health related risks
Health risks begin at BMI of 25 and increase as BMI rises
Risk of dying of weight-related problems begins at BMI of 30
How To Gain Weight
Many adolescents and young adults need to gain weight
Add more variety to your foods
Eat more frequently by having small meals
Choose some calorie-rich foods
Drink juice instead of soda
Use a meal replacement as a snack
Exercise regularly
Obesity Kills
The effects of obesity on health are the equivalent of 20 years of aging
Disease
Links
Type 2 diabetes
Cancer
Heart disease and stroke
Emotional Toll
Guilt
Depression
Social Effects
Women less likely to marry, earn less, lower college graduation rate
Hormones Regulate Appetite
LeptinProduced by fat cells
Slows metabolism
Ghrelin
Reduced by exercise
Released before meals
Stimulates appetite
OthersSerotonin produces satiety
Peptides from digestive tract
Ideas For Keeping Weight Off
Be patient and keep trying
Set a danger zone and act when necessary
Exercise 200-300 minutes each week
Monitor weight and food intake
Weight Loss Diets
High-Carbohydrate, Low Fat
Eat fewer calories without eating less food
Low-Carbohydrate, High-Protein
Eat fewer carbohydrates without eating fewer calories
Modified Carbohydrate
Focus on ‘good carbs’ and resist ‘bad carbs’
More Weight Loss Diets
Low-Calorie
Nothing forbidden, just limit amount eaten
Low-Carbohydrate
Low caloric intake based on proportioning food types
Be willing to try different diets. No one diet works for everyone.
Avoid Diet Traps
Very low-calorie diets
Diet pills• Talk to your doctor first
Diet foods• Often high in sugar
Yo-yo syndrome• On-again, off-again low-calorie dieting• Use exercise to curb weight gain when increasing calories
Recognize And Stop Emotional Eating
Three Steps To Curb Emotional Eating
1. Know your triggers
2.Put your body in charge, not your emotions; avoid getting very hungry, plan your eating
3. Focus on your feelings
Treatment For Severe Obesity
Drug Therapy
Xenical (orlistat)Alli (over the counter orlistat)Meridia (sibutramine)
Surgery
Gastric Bypass• Permanent bypass of stomach• Permanent weight loss common
Banding• Makes stomach size smaller• Adjustable• More likely to regain weight
Unhealthy Eating Behaviors
Extreme Dieting
Preoccupied with food and weight
At risk for anorexia nervosa
Compulsive Eating
Food addiction
Eat fast and eat a lot
Binge Eating
Eat large amount of food in short time
Binge at least twice a week for 6 months
Eat until over-full
Who Is At Risk For Eating Disorders?
Many more types of people are at risk
Athletes Nordic Skiers• Gymnasts Models• Dancers Performers
Factors that increase risk
Preoccupation with thin body
Perfectionism
Excessive cautiousness
Four Risk Factors For Adolescent Girls
Most likely to have an eating disorder if all four factors are present:
1. High BMI
2. Menarche before 6th grade
3. Extreme concern with weight or shape
4. Teasing by peers
Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa
Two Types1. Restricting
2. Binge eating/purging
Features
Refusal to maintain normal body weight
Intense fear of gaining weight
Distorted body image – feeling fat when emaciated
Absence of three menstrual cycles
Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa
Causes
Complex interaction of factors
Personal loss
Perfectionist personality
Effects
Brain changes• Abnormal cortisol, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine levels
Menstrual cycle stops
Adolescents do not have normal sexual maturation
Heart irregularities
Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa
Treatment
Medical therapy for re-feeding
Multiple types of therapy
Possibly antidepressant medication
Outcome
Most people can return to normal weight
Return to normal eating behaviors takes a long time
Eating Disorder – Bulimia Nervosa
Two Types
1. Purging
2. Non-purging
Causes
Rigid diet that lasted from several weeks to a year or more
Obesity in adolescence
Recovery from anorexia
Depression
Characteristics Of Bulimia Nervosa
Repeated binge eating
Feeling lack of control over eating
Regular reliance on self-induced vomiting, laxative or diuretics
Strict dieting, fasting, vigorous exercise
Two bingeing episodes/week for at least 3 months
Preoccupation with body shape and weight