Chapter 6: Taking Chapter 6: Taking Control of Your WeightControl of Your Weight

An Invitation to Health Brief, 5th Edition

Hales

Prepared by: Jeanne Freeman, PhD, CHES

The Global EpidemicThe Global EpidemicMore than half of the people on this planet

are overweightObesity is emerging as number one public

health problem of 21st century Governments need to also act to reverse

the obesity epidemic

The Global EpidemicThe Global Epidemic

Insert Figure 6-1 here Obesity varies by ethnic group, gender, and age Weight problems are starting earlier than ever

The Global EpidemicThe Global Epidemic

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Supersized nationSupersized nation

Variety of factors have played a role in the increase in overweight and obesity

More calories and bigger portionsFast foodPhysical inactivity and passive entertainmentModernization Prenatal factors and child developmentEmotional influences

Body ImageBody Image

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Based on study of 630 college females. Both white and African-American men considered BMI of 20 desirable for women.

Understanding Weight Understanding Weight ProblemsProblemsCollege students

Obesity rates have increased most rapidly for those 18 to 29 years of age

Easy to gain weight on campusesVending machinesFast-food countersCafeterias serving hearty meals

Best indicators ofBest indicators ofweight-related health risksweight-related health risks

Body mass index (BMI) Waist circumference (WC) Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

Health Dangers of ObesityHealth Dangers of ObesitySerious and potentially fatal disease

Rising rates of disability among younger Americans

Effects are equivalent to 20 years of aging Diseases associated with obesity

Cardiovascular diseaseDiabetesCancerSleep apneaRheumatoid arthritis

Health Dangers of Excess Health Dangers of Excess WeightWeight

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Health Dangers of Excess Health Dangers of Excess WeightWeight Impact on body

> Overweight; > disease incidence Race and ethnic variance Immune function Major diseases linked to obesity

Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancerLife expectancyEmotional toll

Methods to Gain WeightMethods to Gain WeightEat more of a variety of foodsEat more frequentlyChoose calorie-rich foodsDrink juiceAdd a commercial liquid mealExercise regularly

A Practical Guide to Weight A Practical Guide to Weight LossLossReadinessOvereating

Hunger – physiologicalSatiety

Appetite –psychological Easily led into temptationCreamy, buttery, or greasy foodsLeptin and ghrelin

A Practical Guide to Weight A Practical Guide to Weight LossLoss

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A Practical Guide to Weight A Practical Guide to Weight LossLoss Low-carbohydrate diets Low-fat diets

May enhance immune response Low-calorie diets

Recommended levels for each gender Very low-calorie diets

Serious health risks Lose muscle mass

Diet, PA, and behavioral therapy produces greater reductions

A Practical Guide to Weight A Practical Guide to Weight LossLoss

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Physical activity & Weight LossPhysical activity & Weight LossNonexercise activity thermogenesis

(NEAT)Usually does not lead to significant weight

loss Assures you lose fat rather than muscle

when combined with a healthy dietBenefits of exerciseShould include aerobic activity and

resistance training

The Psychology of Losing The Psychology of Losing WeightWeight Changing your food-related thoughts and

behaviors Greater self-efficacy/Internal locus of control Social support Common characteristics for success

Personal responsibility for change Exercise Monitoring Vigilance Breakfast

Treating Severe ObesityTreating Severe ObesitySevere or “morbid” obesity is increasing

faster than obesity itself BMIs over 40

Drug therapyObesity surgery

Unhealthy Eating BehaviorUnhealthy Eating BehaviorDistress over body image increases risk

for all forms of disordered eating Extreme dieting Compulsive overeating Binge eating Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa

Eating DisordersEating Disorders

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