Chapter 5

Warm-ups and

Discussion Questions

Section 1 – An Age of Exploration

ESSENTIAL QUESTION– What were the effects of

the interactions of Europeans and Native Americans?

Vocabulary

• Garrison – Unit of soldiers• Mission – Church outpost• Pilgrims – Colonists who came to

America on Mayflower• Puritans – Religious group that

wanted to change Church of England

Vocabulary

• Charter – Legal document

• Colony – land on foreign soil

• Friars – Catholic missionaries

• Huguenots – persecuted French protestants

• Separatists- group that wanted to break away from Church of England

What is a middleman?

A trader who buys goods from producers & sells them to other traders & consumers

How does he affect the cost of luxury goods?

It drives the price up.

What made Europeans want to find a sea route to trade with China?

Marco Polo’s publication told of China’s wonderful

riches.

What explorer was 1st to sail eastward from Europe to the Indian Ocean?

When?

Bartholomew Diaz in 1488

Which explorer thought there was a shorter, easier westward route?

Christopher Columbus

Which European country would sponsor Columbus’s voyage?

Spain (even though he

was Italian)

What mistake did Columbus make when he 1st landed on October 12,

1492?

He thought he had landed on the islands off

the coast of India & called the natives

“Indians”.

What areas did Columbus explore?

Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Virgin Islands, &

coasts of Central & South America

How many trips to the New World did Columbus make?

Four

What happened between the battle for land between Spain and Portugal?

Pope Alexander VI split the new world

with his “Line of Demarcation”

Who made first settlement in New World and what happened?

Allyon - for spain in 1504. They hit a hard winter Allyon died and

revolt broke out.

For whom did John Cabot sail & what area did he explore?

England; Newfoundland this

was England’s claim on New World

Who was the 1st explorer to find an eastward ocean trade route to India?

Vasco da Gama

For whom was the New World named?

Amerigo Vespucci – explored South America; a

mapmaker read Vespucci’s writings & named the new

land “America” after Vespucci

Who was the 1st explorer to reach Asia by sailing west? When?

Ferdinand Magellan in

1522

Why did other Europeans not use this route?

This was a longer, harder trip around the southern tip of South America; they were looking for an easier all-water route through the

North American continent.

What were Spanish explorers searching for in the Caribbean?

Wealth

What 2 explorers actually did find the riches they were hunting for?

Cortes & Pizarro (see next slide)

What area did each explore/conquer & what was the prize?

Cortes – Mexico – conquered the Aztecs – won treasure in silver & gold

Pizarro – Peru – conquered the Incas – controlled the world’s richest silver mines

Who was the 1st to explore modern-day Georgia? When?

Hernando de Soto in 1540

What was he hoping to find?

Gold

Why was de Soto able to defeat a larger army?

He had superior weapons – guns,

crossbows, horses, & armor.

What caused the deaths of millions of Native Americans? Name them.

European diseases killed almost ½ –

measles, smallpox, influenza, whooping

cough

What caused de Soto’s expedition to fail?

Most of his troops died of disease or starvation.

Define the term “colony”.

A settlement in a new land that has

ties to their homeland

Where & when was GA’s 1st settlement established?

Santa Catalina mission on St.

Catherine’s Island in 1566

Which European country was important in the fight to control the New World? What

would it gain?

Spain – gain wealth and

power

What was the French goal in exploration and what was their first settelment?

Trading

Fort Charles in Florida

What happened to Spain’s fleet of ships?

It was destroyed by England’s better

sailors & ships and by bad storms at sea.

Section 2 – English Settlementof the New World

ESSENTIAL QUESTION– What caused a rivalry

between England and Spain in the New World?

How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada affect England?

It gave them control of the seas &

opened their door to the New World.

How many colonies did England establish by the late 1600s &

where?

12 were established along the Atlantic coast of North America.

Give 3 reasons why people came to settle in these new colonies.

Religious freedomEconomic gain

New startBetter life

What is “mercantilism”?

An economic system for England to

export more than it imported

Under this system, what did the colonists provide for England? Name 3.

Raw materials – sugar,

timber,

rice,

tobacco,&

cotton

Name 3 ways this was of benefit to England.

1) No longer needed to import these goods from other countries

2) Could sell finished products back to the colonies & other countries

3) It strengthened the British economy.

What crop was very important to Great Britain’s success in the South?

tobacco

Where was the 1st permanent English colony in the New World & when was it

begun?

Jamestown, VA in 1607

What happened there during the 1st year?

Malaria killed all but 38 of the settlers.

What impact did the growing of tobacco have on the Jamestown settlement?

It created a need for

labor.

What is an “indentured servant”?

A person who agreed to work 4-7 years in exchange for paid

passage to the New World

From where did these indentured servants come?

Africa

How did this system change by the end of the 17th century?

They became slaves instead of servants.

What caused a conflict between Spain & Great Britain in the Carolinas?

Spain was already in Guale when Great Britain wanted to

establish settlements.

Why did Great Britain establish a colony in GA?

To act as a buffer between its

colonies in the Carolinas and the Spanish in Florida.

Where was GA’s 1st fort located and what was its name?

At the mouth of the Altamaha

River; called Fort King George

What happened to the fort?

It was abandoned in 1727 due to Indian raids, sickness, &

swampy conditions.

What foods were sent to the Old World from the New World?

CornIrish potatoes

Sweet potatoes/yamsPeanutsTurkeys

Pumpkins

What foods were sent to the New World from the Old World?

RyeRadishes

BeetsRice

Sugar canePeachesWheat

What animals did Europe send to the New World?

Horses Chickens

PigsOxenGoatsCattleSheep

How did the introduction of these animals impact the new environment?

They destroyed the native ground cover

and led to the extinction of some of the animals

native to the North American continent.