Transcript of CHAPTER 5. Recognize Important Key Terms: Delta, Nile River, Pyramid, Sahara Desert, Kush,...
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- CHAPTER 5
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- Recognize Important Key Terms: Delta, Nile River, Pyramid,
Sahara Desert, Kush, Cataracts, Silt, hieroglyphics Explain how
major physical characteristics, natural resources, climate and
location have influenced settlements, interactions and economies of
the ancient world. Analyze the relationship of physical geography
to the development of ancient river valley civilizations. Identify
some characteristics and important contributions of Ancient
Egypt.
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- While other Empires were growing in Asia, two civilizations
began to flourish along the Nile River Valley. One of these
civilizations was Egypt in the North. The other, Kush, was located
in the southern Nile River Valley.
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- The Egyptians called their land, KEMET, which means black land,
after the soil. Egypt has a very hot, dry climate, so they were
very dependent on the Nile for drinking, bathing and of course,
watering crops. The Nile runs for over 4000 miles!(The longest
river in the world) At its source, the Nile is actually two
separate rivers. The Blue Nile (eastern Africa) and the White Nile
(Central Africa) KEMET
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- In the North, there is a DELTA (fan shaped area of fertile
marshland) This area makes it difficult for invaders. To the West,
there is the Sahara Desert. This area helps to keep Egypt ISOLATED
(separate from others) In the South, Egypt's Nile CATARACTS
(waterfalls or rapids in a river) made it difficult for invaders to
sail ships up the Nile to invade Egypt.
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- The main advantage of the Nile River was that it flooded around
the same time each year. Also, the flooding was less destructive
than in other river valleys. When the Nile flooded in the summer,
the floods left behind SILT. Egyptian farmers knew the cycle and
were ready to plant their crops when the floods receded.
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- Journals throughout History Ancient Egypt-Land of
Abundance
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- Farmers planted wheat, barley and flax. They also had many
domesticated animals. Some tools that were used included the plow
and the SHADOOF (bucket attached to a long pole) Egyptians also
gathered PAPYRUS (reed plant) to weave rope, sandals, baskets and
river rafts. They also used it to make paper.
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- Just like in Mesopotamia, the Egyptians developed their own
writing system. At first, it was made up of pictographs, but over
time, Egyptians created symbols to represent sounds. This complex
system of pictures and sound symbols created a complex writing
system called HIEROGLYPHICS. Egyptian scribes wrote on papyrus.
Hieroglyphics were also carved onto stone walls and monuments.
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- Just like in Mesopotamia, extra food meant that not everyone
was needed for farming. Other economic activities began to
flourish, as did trade. As Egypt traded with other parts of the
world, they were exposed to other ways of life and ideas
(Culture-spreads through trade) As trade and farming increases, so
does the need for an organized government.
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- Government was needed to oversee construction projects,
repairing dams and irrigation ditches, store and distribute grain
and deal with conflicts over land ownership. Over time, groups of
villages merged to form small kingdoms. Eventually, the weak
kingdoms were conquered by the stronger ones. By 4000 BCE, Egypt
was made up of two large kingdoms, Upper Egypt and Lower
Egypt.
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- About 3100 BCE, a king of Upper Egypt named Narmer conquered
Lower Egypt. His actions UNIFIED (to bring together) all of Egypt
under the rule of one king. He is considered to be the first
Pharaoh. From 3100 BCE to 332 BCE, there were a total of 30
dynasties which ruled Egypt.(Dynasty= ruling families) These
dynasties are organized into three time periods. Old Kingdom,
Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.
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- Journals throughout History Ancient Egypt-Constructing
Civilization
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