Chapter 40The Resurgence of Conservatism,

1980–1992

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Question

All of the following were true of Proposition 13 EXCEPT

a) Californians staged a “tax revolt” in 1978.

b) it slashed property taxes and forced painful cuts in government services.

c) it had little effect on other state capitals and even less on Congress.

d) Ronald Reagan rode this political shock wave to presidential victory in 1980.

40 | 3Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Answer

All of the following were true of Proposition 13 EXCEPT

a) Californians staged a “tax revolt” in 1978.

b) it slashed property taxes and forced painful cuts in government services.

c) it had little effect on other state capitals and even less on Congress. (correct)

d) Ronald Reagan rode this political shock wave to presidential victory in 1980.

Hint: See page 1034.

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Question

All of the following were true of Supply-side Economics EXCEPT

a) it was the economic theory that underlay Ronald Reagan’s tax and spending cuts.

b) contrary to Keynesianism, supply-side theory declared that government policy should aim to increase the supply of goods and services, rather than the demand for them.

c) it held that lower taxes and decreased regulation would increase productivity by providing increased incentives to work thus increasing productivity and the tax base.

d) it narrowed the gap between the richest and poorest Americans.

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Answer

All of the following were true of Supply-side Economics EXCEPT

a) it was the economic theory that underlay Ronald Reagan’s tax and spending cuts.

b) contrary to Keynesianism, supply-side theory declared that government policy should aim to increase the supply of goods and services, rather than the demand for them.

c) it held that lower taxes and decreased regulation would increase productivity by providing increased incentives to work thus increasing productivity and the tax base.

d) it narrowed the gap between the richest and poorest Americans. (correct)

Hint: See page 1035.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Strategic Defense Initiative EXCEPT

a) this strategy typified Reagan’s cautious, conservative approach to foreign policy.

b) it wagered the enormous sum of Reagan’s defense budgets on the hope that the other side would not call Washington’s bluff and initiate a new cycle of arms competition.

c) Reagan played his trump card in this risky game in March 1983, when he announced his intention to pursue a high-technology missile-defense system popularly known as Star Wars.

d) the plan called for orbiting battle stations in space that could fire laser beams or other forms of concentrated energy to vaporize intercontinental missiles on liftoff.

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Answer

All of the following were true of the Strategic Defense Initiative EXCEPT

a) this strategy typified Reagan’s cautious, conservative approach to foreign policy. (correct)

b) it wagered the enormous sum of Reagan’s defense budgets on the hope that the other side would not call Washington’s bluff and initiate a new cycle of arms competition.

c) Reagan played his trump card in this risky game in March 1983, when he announced his intention to pursue a high-technology missile-defense system popularly known as Star Wars.

d) the plan called for orbiting battle stations in space that could fire laser beams or other forms of concentrated energy to vaporize intercontinental missiles on liftoff.

Hint: See page 1036.

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Question

All of the following were true of Reagan’s Central American policy EXCEPT he

a) sent military “advisers” to prop up the pro-American government of El Salvador.

b) provided covert aid to the rebel “contras” opposing the anti-American government of Nicaragua.

c) rejected a plan for CIA-engineered mining of harbors in Nicaragua.

d) dispatched a heavy-firepower invasion force to the island of Grenada, where a military coup had killed the prime minister and brought Marxists to power.

40 | 9Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Answer

All of the following were true of Reagan’s Central American policy EXCEPT he

a) sent military “advisers” to prop up the pro-American government of El Salvador.

b) provided covert aid to the rebel “contras” opposing the anti-American government of Nicaragua.

c) rejected a plan for CIA-engineered mining of harbors in Nicaragua. (correct)

d) dispatched a heavy-firepower invasion force to the island of Grenada, where a military coup had killed the prime minister and brought Marxists to power.

Hint: See page 1037.

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Question

All of the following were true of Glasnost and Perestroika EXCEPT

a) Glasnost, or “openness,” aimed to ventilate the secretive, repressive stuffiness of Soviet society by introducing free speech and a measure of political liberty.

b) Perestroika meant “restructuring,” of the moribund Soviet economy by adopting many of the free-market practices.

c) both required that the Soviet Union shrink the size of its enormous military machine and redirect its energies to the dismal civilian economy.

d) that requirement necessitated a continuation of the Cold War.

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Answer

All of the following were true of Glasnost and Perestroika EXCEPT

a) Glasnost, or “openness,” aimed to ventilate the secretive, repressive stuffiness of Soviet society by introducing free speech and a measure of political liberty.

b) Perestroika meant “restructuring,” of the moribund Soviet economy by adopting many of the free-market practices.

c) both required that the Soviet Union shrink the size of its enormous military machine and redirect its energies to the dismal civilian economy.

d) that requirement necessitated a continuation of the Cold War. (correct)

Hint: See page 1039.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty EXCEPT

a) Gorbachev announced in April 1985 that the USSR would cease to deploy intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) targeted on Western Europe.

b) a summit meeting, in Reykjavik, Iceland broke down when a furious Reagan stormed out, convinced that Gorbachev had come to end plans for the beloved SDI.

c) the two leaders never signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, banning all of these missiles from Europe.

d) Reagan was flexible and savvy enough to seize a historic opportunity to join with the Soviet chief to bring the Cold War to a kind of conclusion.

40 | 13Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Answer

All of the following were true of the Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty EXCEPT

a) Gorbachev announced in April 1985 that the USSR would cease to deploy intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF) targeted on Western Europe.

b) a summit meeting, in Reykjavik, Iceland broke down when a furious Reagan stormed out, convinced that Gorbachev had come to end plans for the beloved SDI.

c) the two leaders never signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, banning all of these missiles from Europe. (correct)

d) Reagan was flexible and savvy enough to seize a historic opportunity to join with the Soviet chief to bring the Cold War to a kind of conclusion.

Hint: See page 1039.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Iran-Contra Affair EXCEPT

a) it cast a dark shadow over the Reagan record in foreign policy.

b) it tended to obscure the president’s outstanding achievement in establishing a new relationship with the Soviets.

c) a picture emerged of Reagan as a lazy, perhaps even senile, president who napped through meetings and paid little or no attention to the details of policy.

d) Reagan lost his position as among the most popular and beloved presidents in modern American history.

40 | 15Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Answer

All of the following were true of the Iran-Contra Affair EXCEPT

a) it cast a dark shadow over the Reagan record in foreign policy.

b) it tended to obscure the president’s outstanding achievement in establishing a new relationship with the Soviets.

c) a picture emerged of Reagan as a lazy, perhaps even senile, president who napped through meetings and paid little or no attention to the details of policy.

d) Reagan lost his position as among the most popular and beloved presidents in modern American history. (correct)

Hint: See page 1041.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Moral Majority EXCEPT

a) the Reverend Jerry Falwell, an evangelical minister from Lynchburg, Virginia, founded this political organization.

b) Falwell preached with great success against sexual permissiveness, abortion, feminism, and the spread of gay rights.

c) the Moral Majority never registered more than 2 million voters.

d) it reached huge audiences in the 1980s, collected millions of dollars, and became aggressive political advocates of conservative causes.

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Answer

All of the following were true of the Moral Majority EXCEPT

a) the Reverend Jerry Falwell, an evangelical minister from Lynchburg, Virginia, founded this political organization.

b) Falwell preached with great success against sexual permissiveness, abortion, feminism, and the spread of gay rights.

c) the Moral Majority never registered more than 2 million voters. (correct)

d) it reached huge audiences in the 1980s, collected millions of dollars, and became aggressive political advocates of conservative causes.

Hint: See page 1043.

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Question

All of the following were true of the Commonwealth of Independent States EXCEPT

a) in December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as Soviet president.

b) the Soviet Union dissolved into its component parts, some fifteen republics loosely confederated.

c) few of the new governments in the CIS repudiated communism and embraced democratic reforms and free-market economies.

d) Russia was the most powerful state and Yeltsin the dominant leader.

40 | 19Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Answer

All of the following were true of the Commonwealth of Independent States EXCEPT

a) in December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as Soviet president.

b) the Soviet Union dissolved into its component parts, some fifteen republics loosely confederated.

c) few of the new governments in the CIS repudiated communism and embraced democratic reforms and free-market economies. (correct)

d) Russia was the most powerful state and Yeltsin the dominant leader.

Hint: See page 1047.

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Question

All of the following were true of Operation Desert Storm EXCEPT

a) Iraq made a bold military response to the air campaign.

b) general Norman (“Stormin’ Norman”) Schwarzkopf, took nothing for granted.

c) Saddam, who had threatened to wage “the mother of all battles,” had the capacity to inflict awful damage.

d) Iraq had stockpiled tons of chemical and biological weapons, including poison gas and the means to spread epidemics of anthrax.

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Answer

All of the following were true of Operation Desert Storm EXCEPT

a) Iraq made a bold military response to the air campaign. (correct)

b) general Norman (“Stormin’ Norman”) Schwarzkopf, took nothing for granted.

c) Saddam, who had threatened to wage “the mother of all battles,” had the capacity to inflict awful damage.

d) Iraq had stockpiled tons of chemical and biological weapons, including poison gas and the means to spread epidemics of anthrax.

Hint: See page 1050.