Chapter 29 Review

Stars

A. B. C. D.

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Which correctly lists objects in order of decreasing mass?

A. Solar System, Jupiter, Earth, Sun

B. Solar System, Jupiter, Sun, Earth

C. Sun, Solar System, Jupiter, Earth

D. Solar System, Sun, Jupiter, Earth

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Which line on the graph best represents the way in which the number of sunspots

changes over time?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

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Which planet has composition and density most similar to the

Sun?

1. Saturn

2. Mars

3. Mercury

4. Venus

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A scientist comparing the properties of a large number of different stars could expect to find the most variation in the

data describing the stars’

1. luminosity

2. diameter

3. composition

4. temperature

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The line on this graph best describes the relationship

between

1. the temperature of a star and its luminosity

2. the temperature of a star and its distance from Earth

3. the temperature of a star and its composition

4. the temperature of a star and its location in the universe

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The timeline shows the sequence of events that

occurs during the formation of a star. What is

the correct label for the blank in the diagram?

1. nuclear fusion begins

2. internal temperature drops

3. gravity ceases to act

4. rotation begins

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Which point on the timeline most correctly identifies the Sun’s current

point in its lifecycle?

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. D

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Use the table to calculate which of the following units represents the greatest

distance.

1. meter

2. parsec

3. light year

4. kilometer

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A scientist using parallax to determine the distance to a star will notice the greatest shift in a star’s apparent position when measured

1. at 6-month intervals

2. during Earth’s coldest weather

3. at the midpoint of the star’s rotation

4. at the peak of the star’s blueshift

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Most of the light emitted by the Sun comes from the

1. chromosphere

2. corona

3. photosphere

4. prominence

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When the polarity of the Sun's magnetic field is taken into account,

the solar activity cycle lasts

1. 22.4 years

2. 22.2 years

3. 11.2 years

4. 11.4 years

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What causes the dark bands observed in a solar spectrum?

1. the emission of specific elements

2. different chemical elements which absorb light at specific wavelengths

3. highly compressed, glowing gas

4. warmer gas in front of a source that emits a continuous spectrum

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The apparent shift in a star’s position caused by the motion of

the observer is called

1. luminosity

2. apparent magnitude

3. absolute magnitude

4. parallax

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A star that is gravitationally bound to another star can either be part of a star

cluster or a ____ star.

1. constellation

2. white dwarf

3. binary

4. red giant

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All stars, including the Sun, have the following identical composition:

1. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent oxygen

2. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent other

3. 25 percent helium; 73 percent hydrogen; and 2 percent oxygen

4. 25 percent hydrogen; 73 percent helium; and 2 percent other

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The ____ of a star determines its temperature, luminosity,

and diameter.

1. mass

2. composition

3. energy output

4. density

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Combining of lightweight nuclei into heavier nuclei, such as four hydrogen nuclei combining to

form a helium nucleus

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Cloud of interstellar gas and dust that collapses on itself to form a new star

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Visible light arranged according to wavelengths

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Group of bright stars named for an animal, a mythological character, or an everyday

object

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Minimum to maximum sunspots, a reversal of polarity, and minimum to maximum sunspots

over a period of 22.4 years

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Lowest layer of the Sun’s surface from which most of the light emitted by the Sun

comes

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Section of the H-R diagram into which about 90 percent of stars fall

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Small, massive, dense object that has a gravity so immense that nothing—not even

light—can escape it

1. black hole

2. photosphere

3. fusion

4. constellation

5. main sequence

6. nebula

7. solar activity cycle

8. spectrum

1 2

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The density of gas in coronal holes is greater than the density

of the entire corona.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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The Sun is almost entirely composed of hydrogen and

helium.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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A parsec is a greater distance than a light year.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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The shaded area of the graph correctly represents the percentage

of stars that are in the main sequence of an HR diagram.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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Stars more massive than the Sun use up their fuel at a

slower rate.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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The corona is visible only during eclipses because it is the

coolest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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When hydrogen nuclei fuse, they produce helium.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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The state of matter found in the Sun’s interior is plasma.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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The greatest proportion of elements in the universe are

those with the smallest masses.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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Scientists gather evidence about the Sun’s composition by

directly sampling material from the Sun.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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Other than the use of special instruments, the chromosphere

is only visible during a solar eclipse when the photosphere is

blocked.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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In the modern classification of apparent magnitude, a

difference of 5 magnitudes corresponds to a factor of 100

in brightness.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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When the core of a star collapses forever, the extremely dense object that remains is called a(n) neutron

star.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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As a star ages, its internal composition changes as nuclear

reactions in the star’s core convert one element into

another.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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Astronomers can sometimes identify binary stars even if

only one star is visible.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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Absolute magnitude takes distance into account when indicating the

surface temperature of a star.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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Using the parallax technique, astronomers can accurately

measure the distance of stars up to 300 pc away.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R) diagram, first plotted in the

nineteenth century, demonstrates the relationship of luminosity and

temperature.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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Stars are assigned a spectral type, with M being the hottest

stars.

1. True

2. False

1 2

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The mass of a star determines the star’s temperature,

luminosity, and constellation.

1. True

2. False