The Civil War

Chapter 22

22.1 Introduction• Southern states became the Confederate States of America (CSA).

Claimed that if they were free to join the Union, they were free to leave it.

• No neutral states.• Where do you think West Virginia came from?• Virginia split into 2 states; West Virginia was loyal to Union and VA

was loyal to the South.

What the divided country looked like

Virginia splits apart and West Virginia is created

22.2 What Were the Strengths and Weaknesses of the North and South?

North• What do you think was the North’s biggest strength?• Strengths: population, money, manufacturing, farms,

iron, coal, copper, RR track.• Weakness: military leadership.

George McClellan Benjamin Butler

Ambrose Burnside William Rosecrans

Who were the presidents of the U.S. and CSA?

• Abraham Lincoln was the president of the US. His primary goal was to maintain the unity of the country.

• Jefferson Davis was the president of CSA.Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis

VS.

Some things that the North had more of

South• Strengths: Military leadership; North had to conquer the

South; South had a purpose.• Weaknesses: economy, factories (manufacturing), RR

track.• Who does the South remind you of?

Jeb StuartRobert E. Lee

Stonewall Jackson

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Patrick Cleburne

22.3 What Was the Battle of Bull Run?• The Anaconda Plan:• What do you think it was?• 1. Blockade of southern ports to cut off shipping. 2.

Control the Mississip to divide CSA. 3. Capture Richmond.• Bull Run was a major victory for the CSA. First battle of

the war. Hopes on both sides for a quick victory ended at this battle.

The Aftermath

The Battlefield

The Anaconda Plan

Battle of Bull Run in VA

The South’s First Spy

’ Rose O Neal Greenhow

Coded message from Rose O’Neal Greenhow

• “Tell Aunt Sally that I have some old shoes for the children, and I wish her to send one down town to take them, and to let me know whether she has found any charitable person to help her take care of them.” What the letter actually meant was:

• “I have some important information to send across the river, and wish a messenger immediately. Have you any means of getting reliable information?”

Picnickers at Bull RunWhen’s the battle

gonna’ start?

22.4 What Was the Battle of Antietam?

• Union had stopped all southern cotton exports to Britain.• New Orleans is captured and Grant is moving down the Miss.

River.• Why would Lee invade the North?• Lee invades the North to impress GB and persuade MD to join

CSA.• Union victory; bloodiest day of the war.• *New realities of war

Realities of war

New weaponry

Field Hospitals

Troops killed and wounded in battle versus those who died of disease…Would you rather be in a

hospital or on the battlefield?

Lincoln and McClellan

Lincoln with his officers

22.5 Why Was Gettysburg a Turning Point?

• Jan. 1863 Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation. Freed slaves in all the Confederate states. Turned war into a crusade (fight) for freedom.

• Were any slaves actually freed?• 1862 both North and South issue first draft laws.

Gettysburg Cont.

• 1863 Lee tries to invade the North again. • 17,500 Union troops killed/wounded, and 23,000

CSA troops killed/wounded. Lee loses 1/3 of his army and never again tries to invade the North. South will now manage a defensive war.

Robert E. Lee George Meade

Versus

What Was Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address?

• Speech given in front of 15,000 people at a dedication ceremony for a cemetery.

• What does the speech sound similar to?• The speech was very similar to the Dec. of

Independence in that both supported the ideals of self-government and human rights.

What Is an Ironclad?• The CSA begins the war w/ no navy. They cover an old Union ship

called the Merrimac with iron plating and rename it the Virginia.• Destroys several wooden Union ships before it is met by the

Union’s Monitor (also an ironclad).• What do you think happens when they shoot it out?• The 2 ships shoot it out w/ no result. Cannon balls simply bounce

off the ships.

The Merrimac

The Monitor

22.6 What Was the Battle of Vicksburg?

• 1862 Union controlled both ends of the Mississippi, but couldn’t move up and down it b/c CSA controlled Vicksburg, MS.

• So what does the Union need to do?• 1863 Union gunboats and Grant’s army shell the city for 6

weeks until CSA surrender on July 4. Union controlled the Mississippi River.

Union Gunboats Shell Vicksburg

22.7 What Happened at Ft. Wagner?(African Americans Join the War)

• 1862 186,000 Af. Americans join Union army, and 30,000 join navy.• The Mass. 54th was an all-black regiment sent to attack Ft. Wagner.

It was an impossible task.• What do you think happened to the regiment?• ½ of the entire regiment was killed while the other ½ had to

retreat.

The Massachusetts 54th

Col. Robert Shaw

Battle of Ft. Wagner

What Did Grant Do?

• Grant took 100,000 men to fight it out with Lee’s army in VA. Despite HUGE losses, Grant would not retreat.

• Why wouldn’t Grant retreat?• Grant could reinforce his losses, Lee could not.

Ulysses S. GrantRobert E. Lee

Versus

What Is Total War?

• What do you think it is?• Grant and Sherman believed in Total War, or war on the

enemy’s will to fight and its ability to support an army.• Sherman captured and burned a portion of Atlanta to the

ground. This helped Lincoln get reelected.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Sherman Was Here

What Was Sherman’s March Through Georgia?

• Textbook example of total war.• What do you think he did along the way from Atlanta to Georgia?• Sherman marched from Atlanta to Savannah and destroyed

EVERYTHING of value along the way. He then proceeded to Richmond.

Sherman’s Campaign

Sherman’s March To the Sea

Sherman’s men destroying a RR

How Did the War End? (Appomattox)

• 1865 Grant finally captures Richmond and surrounds Lee’s army.

• So then what?• Lee meets Grant at Appomattox Courthouse to

surrender.• Why were Grants peace terms so generous?• Grant’s terms of surrender were extremely generous

and were designed to end the war without further suffering or hatred.

• 620,000 Union and CSA troops were killed.

The Surrender

The Surrender again

The real Appomattox Courthouse Farmhouse