Post on 02-Jan-2016
Chapter 20:Perceptual Motor
Development
PED 383: Adapted Physical EducationDr. Johnson
Sensory input Receiving energy forms from the environment and from
within the body itself as sensory stimuli and processing the information for integration into the CNS. Incoming messages
Sensory integration Integrating comparing and storing short or long term
memories Output and feedback
Movements occur as a result of decisions from the CNS. The actual movement response – jump, run, etc
As this happens, information is sent back in as feedback
Overview
Perception Monitoring and interpreting of sensory information or knowledge
resulting from the interaction between sensory and CNS processes
Perceptual motor development Enhancing the ability to integrate sensory stimuli arising from or
relating to observable movement responses Sensorimotor activity
Motor responses to sensory output Does not require cognitive ability
Affordances Actions exerted on the environment
Ecological approach Perception is specific to each person and that the environment is
perceived directly in terms of its usefulness for the perceiver
Terminology
Hitting a baseball when pitched Understanding tracking Messages to the CNS on information input Decision based on input information Information added based on result
Hit Strike Should have not swung
Examples
Motor output is impacted by deficits in several areas Visual Auditory Vestibular, kinesthetic or tactual Mental or affective
Each have different responses based on level of disability
Deficits
Sensory Stimulation Associate senses with movements Not dependent on cognitive ability Overlap in sensorimotor activities
How to overcome deficits or prevent them
Ability to interpret sensations through the skin (feel)
Types Proprioception
Feelings form inside the body Kinesthetic Perception
Awareness and memory of planned movement and position Body awareness(feeling a movement correctly) Laterality
Balance Relation between the body and gravitational pull (equilibrium)
Tactile Perception
Body awareness Ability to derive meaning from the body
Body Schema Information supplied through activity of the body
Body image Feelings one has about their own body
How it functions, not how it looks
Body concept Knowledge one has about their own body
Body parts
Kinesthetic perception
Laterality Knowing both sides of the body
Verticality Knowing the up and down sides of the body
Kinesthetic perception
Visual Figure-ground
Ability to distinguish the main figure or target from the background or to give meaning to form(s)
Spatial Locating objects in space
Egocentric – self in space – not touching hoop Objective – others – complete a pass when guarded
Perceptual constancy Recognizing objects despite changes in presentation
Football – always the same size, color, shape
Visual-motor coordination Coordinate vision with movements
Development Include activities that are specific for your type of need (listed above)
Visual
Auditory acuity and perception How we hear
Auditory figure-ground Distinguish and attend to relevant auditory stimuli against a background of
general auditory stimuli Auditory discrimination
Distinguish among frequencies, qualities and amplitudes of sound Sound localization
Determining the source or location of a sound Smoke alarm when batteries need to be replaced
Temporal auditory perception Recognize and discriminate among variations of auditory stimuli presented
in time (tempo) Auditory-motor coordination
Coordinate auditory stimuli with body movements Development
Include activities that are specific for your type of need (listed above)
Auditory