Post on 02-Jan-2016
description
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
Chapter 20 Chapter 20 GUIDELINES FOR OUTDOOR AREASGUIDELINES FOR OUTDOOR AREAS
2008. 9. 4. Thu.
Kim, Hee-jin
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
ContentsContents
Introduction Background Historical evolution of the accessibility movement Guidelines overview Proposed guidelines for outdoor developed areas Examples and ideas – UD in outdoor environment General lessons learned for UD Conclusions
2
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
IntroductionIntroduction
3
Natural area
land formations
topography
landscape
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
People love the outdoors! over 78% in US, (Teasley et al., 1998)
Outdoor recreation provides benefits to the selfPeople with mobility impairments also want it (Brown,
1999)
BackgroundBackground
4
better mental health
personal development & growth
personal appreciation & satisfaction
Etc (social, cultural, economic, environmental )UD
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
Historical Evolution of the Accessibility Historical Evolution of the Accessibility MovementMovement
Consideration to people with disabilities the most recent! The American’s with Disabilities Act in US in 1990 The Disability Discrimination Act in Australia in 1992 The Disability Discrimination Act UK in 1995 The Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional
Impairments and The Assistance Benefit Act in Sweden in 1993
5
The major problem
The lack of acceptance on the part of societies
facilities and areas that are not universally designed
or usable
people with disabilities hostility, indifference
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
The Universal Design ApproachThe Universal Design Approach
The Principles of Universal Design should be appliedThe Center for Universal Design(1997)
at North Carolina State University
Equitable Use Flexibility Use Simple and Intuitive Use Perceptible Information Tolerance for Error Low Physical Effort Size and Space for Approach and Use
6
The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation or specialized design
A pressing question Psychological barrier !
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
Guidelines OverviewGuidelines Overview
The development of guidelines or standards for universal usability of outdoor environments is still in the early stages in most countries
UK legally mandate(The Disability Discrimination Act of 1995) Canada Voluntary United States Access Board
7
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
Guidelines OverviewGuidelines Overview
U.S. Proposed Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Area
In the U.S. the proposed guidelines for outdoor developed areas are in the rulemaking process
Final report was submitted to Access Board in July 1999 The proposed guidelines are currently in an extensive regulatory review
process
The provisions of the report include recommendations for campgrounds, picnic areas, beaches, and trails. By far, the most difficult task of this committee was to agree on standards for newly constructed or altered trails. Trails come in all shapes, sizes, and locations
They have proposes covering a diverse range of interests, which include: accessing primitive environments, providing challenge, enjoying the aesthetics of the outdoors, and simply for taking leisurely walks.
Developing a single standard to cover all trails was impossible!!!!!!
8
1. Protect resource and environment
2. Preserve experience
3. Provide for equality of opportunity
4. Maximize accessibility
5. Be reasonable
6. Address safety
7. Be clear, simple, and understandable
8. Provide guidance
9. Be enforceable and measurable
10.Be consistent with ADA Accessibility
Guidelines(ADAAG)[U.S. built environment
standards(as much as possible)]
11.Be based on independent use by persons
with disabilities(Final Report, Regulatory
Negotiation Committee on Outdoor
Developed Areas, 1999)
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
Guidelines OverviewGuidelines Overview
Technical Provision in the United States
Outdoor Recreation Access Routes(ORAR)
• Picnic Areas• Camping Facilities• Trails
9
An outdoor recreation access route is a path or walk for pedestrians that connects developed spaces and elements that support the primary activities offered within the recreational area
• tables, fire rings, grills, benches, trash containers
• the proposed guidelines require that 50% shall be accessible• of the 50% required to be accessible, a minimum of 40% shall be located along an ORAR as defined
Should be accessible Should be located along on ORAR
• All elements must be dispersed among available sites
• Surfaces around accessible elements must be firm
and stable
• Picnic tables must provide a minimum of one
accessible seating space[30 in wide, 19 in deep, and
27 in high(leg clearance)]. If the tabletop is over 24
linear ft, additional spaces are required
• Fire rings must provide a clear space of 48X48 in
around all usable portions of the fire ring. Fire surface
height must be a minimum of 9 in above the ground
• All cooking surfaces(grills) must be between 15 and
34 in above the ground/floor. All controls and
operating mechanisms must comply with current
ADAAG standards. The clear floor space requirements
identified for fire rings are also applicable to grills as
well as to wood stoves and fireplaces
• Benches, where provided and accessible, must
provide armrests that meet current ADAAG
standards. Bench seats shall be a minimum of 17 to
19 in above the ground to facilitate transfers.
POSTECHHuman System Design Laboratory
General Lessons Learned for UDGeneral Lessons Learned for UD
All types of people derive benefits from outdoor recreationHistorically, few countries have focused on and given consideration
to the conceptThe seven Principles of Universal Design can be used when
approaching any type of development in the outdoors: Equitable Use Flexibility Use Simple and Intuitive Use Perceptible Information Tolerance for Error Low Physical Effort Size and Space for Approach and Use
The goal of universal design is to include the opportunity for a maximum number of people, regardless of ability, to participate in outdoor recreation activities.
10