“SIGNIFICANCE OF THEORY FOR NURSING AS A DISCIPLINE AND PROFESSION “

Nursing Theoretical Works represents the most comprehensive ideas and systematic knowledge about nursing; Therefore theory is vital to both the discipline and the profession.

Discipline is specific to academia and a branch of education, a department of learning or field of knowledge.

Profession refers to specialized field of practice, which is founded upon the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of that discipline and the accompanying practice abilities. 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THEORY FOR NURSING AS A DISCIPLINE

SIGNIFICANCE OF THEORY FOR NURSING AS A DISCIPLINE

1. University baccalaureate programs proliferated, masters programs in nursing were developed, and the curricula began to be standardized through the accreditation process.

2. Attention to the importance of nursing conceptualizations for the research process and the role of a conceptual framework in the purpose and design of research production of science and nursing theoretical works also began to publish.

3. Works began to be recognize for their theoretical nature, such as Henderson, Nightingale and etc.

THE DISCIPLINE IS DEPENDENT UPON THEORY

THEORETICAL WORKS HAVE TAKEN NURSING TO A HIGHER LEVEL.

THE EMPHASIS HAS SHIFTED FROM A FOCUS ON KNOWLEDGE ABOUT HOW NURSES FUNCTION, WHICH CONCENTRATED ON THE NURSING PROCESS, TO FOCUS ON WHAT  NURSES KNOW AND HOW THEY USE KNOWLEDGE TO GUIDE THEIR THINKING AND DECISION MAKING WHILE CONCENTRATING ON THE PATIENT. 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THEORY FOR

NURSING AS A PROFESSION

Clearly, nursing is recognize as a profession today.

BIXLER AND BIXLER PUBLISHED A SET OF CRITERIA TAILORED TO NURSING IN THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING IN 1959. THEY STATED THAT A PROFESSION:

UTILIZES IN ITS PRACTICE A WELL-DEFINED AND WELL-ORGANIZED BODY OF SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE THAT IS ON THE INTELLECTUAL LEVEL OF THE HIGHER LEARNING.

CONSTANTLY ENLARGES THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IT USES AND IMPROVES ITS TECHNIQUES OF EDUCATION AND SERVICE BY THE USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.

ENTRUSTS THE EDUCATION OF ITS PRACTITIONERS TO INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION.

APPLIES ITS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE IN PRACTICAL SERVICES THAT ARE VITAL TO HUMAN AND SOCIAL WELFARE.

FUNCTIONS AUTONOMOUSLY IN THE FORMULATION OF PROFESSIONAL POLICY AND IN THE CONTROL OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY THEREBY.

ATTRACTS INDIVIDUALS OF INTELLECTUAL AND PERSONAL QUALITIES WHO EXALT SERVICE ABOVE PERSONAL GAIN AND WHO RECOGNIZES THEIR CHOSEN OCCUPATION AS A LIFE WORK.

STRIVES TO COMPENSATE ITS PRACTITIONERS BY PROVIDING FREEDOM OF ACTION, OPPORTUNITY FOR CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL GROWTH AND ECONOMIC SECURITY.

THESE CRITERIA HAVE HISTORICAL VALUE BECAUSE THEY PROVIDE AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEVELOPMENTAL PATH THE NURSING FOLLOWED.

CRITERIA

The conceptual models of nursing are comprehensive and the reader to the specifics of the practice.

Nursing theory is a useful tool for reasoning, critical thinking, and decision making in nursing practice.

Nursing theoretical works provide a perspective of the patient.

NURSING THEORETICAL WORKS

PHILOSOPHIES Florence Nightingale:

Patient-Environment Interaction Ernestine Wiedenbach:

Art of Nursing Virginia Henderson:

The 14 Basic Human Needs Faye Glenn Abdella:

The 21 Nursing Problems Lydia E. Hall:

Care, Core and Cure Theory

CONCEPTUAL MODELS AND GRAND THEORIES

Dorothea E. Orem:

Self-care Deficit Theory Myra Estrin Levine:

Wrote the “Introduction to Clinical Nursing” Martha Rogers:

Key Concepts of Science of Unitary Human Being, and Principles of Hemodynamic

Dorothy E. Johnson: Behavioral System Model

Sister Callista Roy: Adaptation Model

Betty Neuman: Neumans System Model

Imogene King:Goal Attainment Theory

THEORIES AND MIDDLE-RANGE NURSING THEORIES

Hildegard E. Peplau: Interpersonal Relation in Nursing Ida Jean Orlando: Dynamic-Nurse Relationship Joyce Travelbee: Human to Human Relationship and ETC!