Post on 05-Apr-2018
7/31/2019 Chapter 2-French and Indian War
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The French and Indian War
War over land along the Ohio andMississippi River Valleys
Most Indians joined the French Treated them better from earlier contact
Life among the English settlers out onthe Frontier became intensely dangerous
Indian attacks left settler dead or captured
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The French and Indian War
Series of four wars between England andFrance between 1689 and 1763
King Williams War- 1689-1697 Queen Annes War- 1702-1713
King Georges War- 1744-1748
French and Indian War (Seven Years War)-
1754-1763 Unusual in that it started in America and spread to
Europe
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The French and Indian War
The Deerfield Massacre- 1704 French and Indian attack on settlers of
Deerfield, Massachusetts
Settlers were captured and killed, homeswere burnt to the ground
Colonial Response English colonists reacted by attacking
French towns like Quebec and Louisbourg English began to build forts all along the
Ohio River Valley and AppalachianMountains to protect their citizens from theFrench troops in the same areas
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The French and Indian War
Virginia starts the war George Washington was the 22-year
old commander of the Virginia militia Sent to stop the French from building
forts on their frontier (wildernessregions to the west) Battle occurred at a fort near the headwaters of the
Allegheny River (modern-day Pittsburgh)
Washingtons skirmish turns into allout war between the French andIndians and the Americans and British
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The French and Indian War
The Albany Plan of Union June 1754- colonial congress meets at
Albany, New York
Meeting was to maintain the aid of the IroquoisIndians who were a traditional ally of the English
A renewal of the Iroquois and Englishalliance was made
Ben Franklin proposed a new colonial union
Grand Council of 48 members with legislativepowers, taxing powers, etc.
Turned down by colonial governments andthe king of England
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The French and Indian War
Summer 1755- General Edward Braddock arrives with1,400 British regular army to defend the colonies from theFrench
Set out to take French Fort Duquesne
At the forks of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers(modern-day Pittsburgh)
Colonists tried to warn Braddock about warfare inAmerica No red coats, no music while marching, and no marching in
columns
Indians used guerrilla warfare Hid behind things, surprise attacks, deceit, ambushes, etc.
Braddock and 976 of his men were killed in an ambush
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The French and Indian War
1757- William Pitt becomes Prime Minister ofEngland
Revamps British army and navy
Strengthens hold on colonies around the world Reinvigorates the troops with new, younger
leaders and assigns officer rankings to colonialmilitary leaders
Colonists responded to Pitts actions with their
full support of the war against the French Defending their homes and families with the belief that
the English government would pay the costs ofraising and maintaining their colonial armies
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The French and Indian War
Fighting in America through 1758 and1759 saw British and colonial victories
The French were being pushed back intoCanada and on the brink of surrender
June 1759- General James Wolfe headsdown the St. Lawrence River to attack
Quebec Spent all summer looking for a proper place
to start his attack and in bed (sickness)
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The French and Indian War
September 1759- British invade Quebec atdaylight and the battle takes place on the Plainsof Abraham- west of the city
Both commanding officers (Wolfe- British andMontcalm- French) were mortally wounded as theBritish succeeded in taking the city
French forces unsuccessfully tried to retake thecity that winter
British General Jeffrey Amherst took Montreal inthe summer of 1760 and the war in America wasover
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The French and Indian War
The Peace of Paris- 1763
Treaty between the British and French
France gave up all New World lands to the British
Except two small islands off the coast ofNewfoundland
France gave New Orleans to the Spanish
Important port city at the mouth of the MississippiRiver
British gained Canada, the Great Lakes Region, theMississippi River Valley, and the land from theAppalachians to the Mississippi River (Ohio RiverValley)