PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA

Chapter 2

AMERICA 3 European powers planted 3 primitive

outposts in 3 distant corners

Spanish = Santa Fe 1610

French = Quebec 1608

English = Jamestown 1607

ENGLAND’S IMPERIAL STIRRINGS Protestant Reformation – Mid 1500’s

King Henry VIII

Queen Elizabeth – 1558ProtestantCrushed the Irish 1570’s – 1580’s

Confiscated Catholic Irish lands“Planted” with new Protestant landlord

ELIZABETH Spread Protestantism

Seizing Spanish ships / settlements

Sea Dogs Sir Francis Drake Deal with Elizabeth

Knighted Drake

Sir Walter Raleigh - 1585 North Carolina = Roanoke Island

Vanished

CONT. 1588

Philip II of Spain Spanish Armada

130 ships English = swifter / maneuverable Defeated Spain

End of Spanish dominanceCaribbean slips from Spain’s graspOverextended

English naval dominanceSigned peace treaty - 1604

ENGLAND’S EMPIRE Tenant farming

Wool industry Unemployment

Overcrowded Surplus population

Primogeniture

Joint Stock Company Gave financial means

JAMESTOWN Virginia Company = 1st Charter

King James I

Gold

Passage through America

Not permanent

CONT. May 24, 1607

3 ships150 peopleLanded in Jamestown Virginia

Chesapeake BayMosquito investedDisease, malnutrition, starvation

1608 John Smith

“He who shall not work shall not eat”

CONT. Pocahontas

Powhatan

1609 400 colonists at Jamestown “Starving Time” = winter

60 survived

1610 Relief party came Governor = Lord De La Warr

CULTURES CLASH

English raided Indian food supplies

Lord De La WarrDeclaration of War against IndiansFirst Anglo-Powhatan War = 1614

1614Pocahontas marries John Rolfe

CONT. Land hungry colonists

Disease

1622Series of attack347 settlers dead

Virginia Company“Perpetual war without peace or truce”Pushed survivors farther west

CONT. 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War – 1644

Native Americans defeated Peace treaty of 1646

Banished

3 D’sDiseaseDisorganizationDisposability

Native Americans served no purpose

INDIANS’ NEW WORLD Horse

Migration into the Great PlainsLakotas (Sioux)New way of life

DiseaseExtinguished cultures

CommerceFirearmsCompetition amongst tribes

VIRGINIA

John RolfeFather of tobacco

Tobacco rushHungered for land

Economic savior

Plantation systemNeeded fresh

laborDutch brought

slaves Too costly Indentured servants

MARYLAND

Catholic haven Lord Baltimore

Reap financial profitsRefuge for fellow Catholics

Tobacco Indentured servants Religious toleration

Act of Toleration - 1649

WEST INDIES Spain weakened grip on West Indies

England claimed several islands Jamaica – 1655

Sugar plantationsRich man’s cropLand clearingSugar millsWealthy investorsSlaves

CONT. 1700

Slaves outnumbered white settlers 4 to 1

Barbados Slave Code – 1661 Denied fundamental rights Masters = complete control

Punishments

West Indies depended on North America for food supplies Small English farmers move North Carolina - 1670

SOUTH CAROLINA Colonization interrupted during mid 1600’s

English Revolution

Developed close ties with West Indies Stage for slave trade

Used Savannah Indians = Manacled Indians

Rice = principal export crop

Charles Town Busiest seaport / Aristocrats

Religious toleration

NORTH CAROLINA Ragtag group, poverty stricken outcasts

Squatters Riffraff

Separated from South Carolina in 1712

Democratic

Independent-minded

Lease aristocratic

GEORGIA - 1733 Last of the 13 colonies Buffer Named after King George Received monetary subsidies Haven for wretched souls imprisoned for

debt James Oglethorpe

“The charity colony”Melting pot / Religious toleration

Except Catholics

SOUTHERN COLONIES