Chapter 18

Part 2Pages 609-615

Terms to Know

• Chaing kai-shek• Mao Zedong (tse-tong)• Taiwan• Korean War• 38th Parallel

1945-1991 The Cold War

• Policy of Containment in Europe:

• Berlin…the Berlin Air Lift• Western Europe…The Marshall Plan• Greece and Turkey

Containment in Asia

• China• Korea• The Philippines

The Philippines

• Gained its independence…July 4, 1946

• U.S. Troops left

• Then the Philippines was threatened by a communist terrorist group…

The Hukbalahops

• The United States sent troops back to the Philippines and defeated the dreaded Hukbalahops

Containment in China

• The last Chinese dynasty fell in 1911

• Dr. Sun yat-sen…a popular leader, a Chinese nationalist

• Tried to convince foreign powers in China to get out

• It worked for some but not Russia or Japan

China

• Mao Zedong was a Chinese communist who was trying to take over China as well

• During WWII Chaing and Mao were at war with each other and both were fighting Japanese aggression as well

• Sometimes they cooperated against Japan

The United States

• Was able to send help to Chaing without violating the neutrality acts because Japan had never formally declared war against China

After WWII

• The U.S. continued to send aid…everything but troops…so Chaing could defeat the communists

• This would serve our policy of containment• The U.S. sent $2 Billion to China between

The Communists v the Nationalists

• Chaing’s government was corrupt and in S. and E China. Was supported by the U.S.

• Collected grain taxes from peasants even during famine

• Mao was in the North supported by the USSR and was sympathetic to the peasants

By 1949

• Mainland China fell to the Communists

• Chaing’s (Nationalist) China took power in Taiwan

• Was containment successful in China?• Repercussion's at home.

Containment and Korea

• Korea had been promised its independence at Cairo Conference during the war.

• After WWII Korea was divided at the 38th parallel.

• There was to be a brief occupation by the USSR in the North and the US in the South

North Korea

• The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was led by Kim Il Sung

• It was a communist state• Occupied and supported by the Soviet Union

• Its capital was Pyongyang

South Korea

• The Republic of Korea was led by Syngman Rhee

• It was supported by the U.S.

• Its capital was Seoul

After a brief occupation

• Elections were to be held and whoever won was to rule over a united Korea

• But by 1948 North Korea refused to allow United Nations inspectors into the North

So the United Nations

• Recognized the government of South Korea under the leadership of Syngman Rhee as the lawful government of Korea

• In 1949 U.S. troops withdrew from South Korea

WAR

• In 1950 North Korea, with support from the USSR invaded South Korea

• The United Nations charged North Korea with Breach of Peace

• The UN authorized Harry Truman to lead a UN action against North Korea

Limited War

• Both Truman and the United Naitons wanted a limited war

• That is, they wanted to recapture the land south of the 38th parallel…NOT all of Korea

The Korean War 1950-1953

• Truman sent MacArthur to take command of an international army representing 16 countries though most were Americans MacArthur had been involved in Japan’s occupation

• MacArthur and his troops made a surprise landing well North of the 38th parallel…north of the Yalu River!

The Yalu River

• Separated North Korea from China!

• The Chinese (by now communist) poured south and pushed MacArthur’s troops to the 38th parallel

Korea

MacArthur

• Commanded 500,000 UN troops and an additional 500,000 South Korean troops

• BUT the North and Russia outnumbered the South 10 to 1!

MacArthur

• disagreed with Truman and the UN

• He wanted to engage the Chinese!

• McCarthy agreed with MacArthur

• America was divided between Truman and MacArthur

MacArthur

• Was recalled by Truman• He came home to a hero’s welcome and made

a speech

• “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.”

The war ended in 1953

• The 38th parallel is still the boundary

• It cost the U.S. – 54,000 lives– $67 million

– Was containment successful in Korea?