Chapter 15: The Civil War Begins

The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms. 7 States left the Union before the fall of Ft. Sumter; 4 States joined

afterwards. 11 States made up the Confederacy.

Which side had the advantage in the

Civil War?

North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861North vs. South in 1861

North South

Advantages ? ?

Disadvantages

? ?

On a sheet of paper, draw the chart below. After studying the few slides that follow, write in your responses and complete the chart.

Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth

Rating the North & Rating the North & SouthSouth

Railroad Lines in Railroad Lines in 18601860

Railroad Lines in Railroad Lines in 18601860

Resources: North & Resources: North & SouthSouth

Resources: North & Resources: North & SouthSouth

Soldiers Present for Duty Soldiers Present for Duty

in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Soldiers Present for Duty Soldiers Present for Duty

in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Slave / Free Slave / Free States Population States Population

in 1861in 1861

Slave / Free Slave / Free States Population States Population

in 1861in 1861

Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NYNY

Susan M. PojerSusan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NYNY

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough

Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures

TheTheCivil WarCivil War

(1861-1865)(1861-1865)ThroughThrough

Maps, Charts,Maps, Charts,Graphs &Graphs &PicturesPictures

Population 9 million (3.5 million slaves, only 1.2 million

men of combat age) Economy- 20,000 factories

101,000 workers9,000 miles of railroad$47 million in bank deposits $27 million in gold specie

Military Leadership Robert E. Lee Stonewall JacksonMilitary Training VMI (Virginia Military Institute) WestPointHome field advantage Familiar with terrain Morale booster

Confederacy

War fought on confederate soil. Why was the war being fought? “Rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”Lack of military leadership

Population 22 million (4 million men of combat age) Economy- 100,000 factories

1.1 million workers20,000 miles of railroad$189 million in bank deposits$59 million in gold specie

Abraham Lincoln

Union

DisadvantagesAdvantages

Many Issues Divide the Country

• 1861 – 11 U.S. states voted to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America (CSA).

• This action followed years of long-standing differences between the North and the South.

What Issues did the North & South Disagree On?

• Tariffs – taxes on imported goods

• Distribution of public lands

• States’ Rights – states should have more power over what they do and the federal government should have less power over them.

• Most of all – the issue of SLAVERY

Southern States Vow to Secede

• During the 1860 presidential election, Southern leaders threatened to secede if a Republican (Abraham Lincoln) was elected.

• After Lincoln won the 1860 election, 6 states seceded: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana.

• Texas also seceded, although against Sam Houston’s objections.

The Confederacy is Formed

• Formed at a convention in Montgomery, Alabama on February 4, 1861.

• Called the Confederate States of America (CSA).

Confederate Constitution

• Drew up a constitution similar to the U.S. constitution, but with some important differences:

• 1. states were given MORE power and the federal government was given LESS power;

• 2. this constitution guaranteed the protection of slavery.

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

The Confederate “White The Confederate “White House”House”

Leaders of the ConfederacyLeaders of the ConfederacyLeaders of the ConfederacyLeaders of the Confederacy

Pres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson DavisPres. Jefferson Davis VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

VP Alexander VP Alexander StevensStevens

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

A Northern View of Jeff A Northern View of Jeff DavisDavis

Houston Removed from Office

• Texas Secession Convention ordered all state government leaders to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy – Houston refused and is removed as Governor.

• Lt. Governor Edward Clark replaced Houston as Governor (he took the oath)

• This ends Houston’s career in politics and military – he retires to home in Huntsville and dies in 1863.

Lincoln’s View on States’ Secession

• Lincoln said that the Union was “perpetual” (continuing forever) and the Southern states had no right to leave it.

• He promised to carry out the law of the land (according to the U.S. constitution) in all states, and

• Vowed to preserve the nation at all costs.

Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Union & Confederacy in Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Two Strategies

Northern Strategies• Bring Union back together (not

focused on Slavery at first)• Blockade Southern ports – cut off

supply lines• Gain control of the Mississippi

River – split confederacy• Capture Richmond

The Two Strategies

Southern Strategies• Fight a defensive war; make the

North give up• Privateering (Pirating) Union

commercial ships• Gain support of major European

Powers (England and France) as they needed Southern materials (Cotton, especially).

Early Years of the WarThe First Battle of Bull

Run, July 1861• Early battle fought

near Manassas Junction at the Bull Run river

• Although at first driven back by Union soldiers, led by “Stonewall” Jackson, the Confederates fought back

• North is shocked and realize this could be a long and bloody war

First Bull Run

Early Years of the War

War at Sea• Lincoln plans to blockade Southern ports

and controlled the Mississippi River.• Blockade runners sail in and out of blockade• Blockade reduced southern trade by 2/3

Anaconda Plan:• This was the plan to cut the south off by way of

Naval Blockade. It was called “Scott’s Great Snake” or more commonly, “The Anaconda Plan” as it was designed to ‘squeeze’ the south, like an anaconda snake.

Anaconda Plan