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Chapter 15

Nervous System and Common Behavioral Health Terms

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Function of the Nervous System

The nervous system and the endocrine system cooperate in regulating and controlling the activities of the other body systemsThe nervous system may be divided into two parts: central nervous system (CNS): made up of the

brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system (PNS): made up of

cranial and spinal nerves

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Central Nervous System

Brain: major portion of the central nervous system cerebrum: largest portion of the brain, divided

into right and left hemispheres; controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses (temp, pain, and touch), and contains centers for sight and hearing. Intellect, memory, and emotional reactions also take place in the cerebrum.

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Central Nervous System (cont’d)

Brain (cont’d) ventricles: spaces within the cerebrum that

contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord

cerebral spinal fluid (CSF): clear, colorless fluid to cushion the brain and spinal column from shock; transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste

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Central Nervous System (cont’d)

Brain (cont’d) cerebellum: often called the hindbrain

located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum. Its function is to assist in the coordination of skeletal muscles and to maintain balance.

brainstem: stemlike portion of the brain; connects with the spinal cord.

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Central Nervous System (cont’d)

Brain (cont’d) pons: literally means “bridge.” It connects the

cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem. medulla oblongata: located between pons and

spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls, which assist in determining blood pressure.

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The “Silent” treatment but a good, quick overview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVGlfcP3ATI&feature=related

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Now let’s add some fun

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMsXg1Lk&feature=related

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More “in-depth”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nd4i1QeSB1s

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Central Nervous System (cont’d)

Spinal cord Passes through the vertebral canal extending

from the medulla oblongata to the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra; conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain

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Central Nervous System (cont’d)

Spinal cord meninges: 3 layers of membrane that cover

the brain and spinal cord dura mater: tough outer layer arachnoid: delicate middle layer; the arachnoid

membrane is loosely attached to the pia mater by weblike fibers, which allow for the subarachnoid space

pia mater: thin inner layer

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Brain and Spinal Cord

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Spinal Cord Showing Layers of Meninges

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Peripheral Nervous System

nerve: cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another

12 pair of cranial nerves

31 pair of spinal nerves ganglion: group of nerve cells located

outside the central nervous system

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Cranial Nerves

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Where are these cranial nerves?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rU5wk8Odjo

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Now review this list~

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/cranial.html

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The vagus nerve ~ many functions

The vagus nerve “wanders” through the abdomen and comes in contact with many body parts including the heart, lungs, larynx, stomach, and ears. It helps to regulate our heart beat, helps to make us breathe and helps to control our muscle movements. It innervates (sends nerve impulses) to the viscera (remember what this is?) and helps us in the digestive process.

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So, how can you control the vagus nerve when it’s not working correctly?

What is a vagotomy? Why do it? What can be some complications?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdlqfdlSoT4&feature=related

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Combining Forms for the Nervous System

cerebell/o cerebr/o dur/o encephal/o gangli/o, ganglion/o mening/i, mening/o

myel/o

neur/o

radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o

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Combining Forms Commonly Used with the Nervous System

esthesi/o

ment/o, phren/o, psych/o

mon/o

phas/o

poli/o

quadr/i

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Prefix and Suffixes

Suffixes -iatrist -iatry -ictal -paresis

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Helpful Information

The combining form myel/o is defined as spinal cord in Chapter 15, although it also means bone marrow as presented in Chapter 14.

The suffix “-paresis” means slight paralysis while the suffix “-plegia” means paralysis.

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

cerebellitis

cerebral thrombosis

duritis

encephalitis

encephalomalacia

gangliitis

meningitis

meningomyelocele

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Top, spina bifida.Bottom, (meninges / cv / (spinal cord) / cv / (protrusion).

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built From Word Parts (cont’d)

neurasthenia

neuritis

neuroarthropathy

neuroma

poliomyelitis

Polyneuritis

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built From Word Parts

Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

(Lou Gehrig’s disease)

Bell’s palsy

cerebral aneurysm

cerebral palsy (CP)

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (stroke)

epilepsy

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Bell’s Palsy -Bell's Palsy occurs when the 7th cranial nerve becomes swollen or inflamed. The result is that your face appears to droop, your smile is one-sided, and your eye resists closing.

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Cerebrovascular Accident

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Parkinson’s disease (PD)

psychosis

sciatica

shingles

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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So, what is MS?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0CrFs1iF30&feature=fvsr

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What causes Parkinson’s?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q458IgW-lLk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECkPVTZlfP8

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Shingles

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

ganglionectomy

neurectomy

neuroplasty

neurorrhaphy

neurotomy

What is a vagotomy?

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Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts

Diagnostic imaging cerebral angiograph CT myelography

Neurodiagnostic procedures electroencephalogram (EEG) electroencephalography

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Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts

Diagnostic imaging computed tomography of the brain (CT scan) magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (MRI

scan) positron emission tomography of the brain

(PET scan)

What are the technologies?

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Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

Other lumbar puncture (LP) also called a ?

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Lumbar Puncture with Needle in Place

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Most interesting development

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0CrFs1iF30&feature=fvsr

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Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

anesthesia

aphasia

cephalalgia

craniocerebral

dysphasia

hemiparesis

hemiplegia

intracerebral

monoparesis

neuroid

neurologist

panplegia

psychogenic

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Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts

coma

concussion

conscious

convulsion

incoherent paraplegia

seizure

shunt

syncope

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Common Psychiatric Disorders

anorexia nervosa anxiety disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) bipolar disorder bulimia nervosa obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) panic attack phobia posttraumatic stress disorder

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Abbreviations

AD

ADHD

ALS

CP

CSF

CVA

OCD

PD

PTSD

TIA

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Now I know it is a bit early, but Jesse and I want to be the first to wish you Happy Holidays!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ua-krVnLr4k&NR=1