Post on 19-Mar-2016
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Anatomy Bowl Prep The Lymphatic and Immune System by Zachary Hale
Know and understand these terms.
The lymphatic system is our “safety net” also known as our immune system.
It is composed of vessels that help maintain fluid balance and lymphoid tissues that help protect the internal environment
Understand how the different regions of the body are drained.
Understand the flow of lymph through lymph nodes
Understand the role of lymph nodes in microbial defense
Lymph Fluid in the tissue spaces that carries protein
molecules and other substances back to the blood Lymph Nodes
Bundles of cells along the lymphatic system that:▪ Filters lymph▪ Defends the body and houses WBC▪ Has afferent and efferent vessels that allow lymph to flow
in and out in one direction Lymphatic Vessels
Permit only one way movement of lymph
Interstitial fluid Is the fluid that leaks out of the
capillaries and in between tissues
Right Lymphatic Duct Returns lymph to the heart from
the right arm, right upper chest, and right side of the face
Thoracic Duct Lymph from ¾ of the body
return via the thoracic duct Lacteals
Absorb fats from the villi of the small intestine and carries it through the lymphatic system
As lymph flows from its origin in the tissue spaces toward the thoracic or right lymphatic ducts and then into the venous blood it is filtered by moving through lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are used for: Biological filtration of the lymph and for defense Fluid enters through the afferent side and leaves via the
efferent side Macrophages and WBC that reside in the lymph nodes
filter and sample the blood▪ If a pathogen is found it enables body to respond quickly!
Know the basic roles in immunity of the different lymphatic organs: Thymus, Tonsils (3 types), Spleen
Define and study the difference between: Nonspecific Immunity Specific Immunity
Thymus Small lymphoid organ located in the mediastinum Composed of lymphocytes in a unique epithelial meshwork Is the site for T-cell maturation
▪ A WBC vital for defense ▪ T-cells develop under the influence of the hormone thymosin
Tonsils Masses of lymphoid tissue Are located in a protective ring under the mucous
membranes of the mouth and back of the throat Spleen
Largest lymphoid organ Filters the blood
Specific immunity Includes protective mechanisms that confer
very specific protection against certain types of pathogens
Involves memory and the ability to recognize and respond to particularly harmful substances
Nonspecific immunity Is maintained by mechanisms that affect any
irritant or abnormal substance that threatens the body
General protection!
Antibodies
Complement
Know how these proteins function to defend against invasion:
Antibody: Protein compounds that
are normally present in the body
They bind to antigens (may be foreign proteins, most often molecules on the surface of things invading the body)
Complement proteins Is the name used to
describe 14 proteins normally present in an inactive state in the blood
Proteins are activated by exposure of complement-binding sites to antibodies
This results in the formation of a highly specialized antigen-antibody complex that targets foreign cells for destruction
Phagocytes- cells that use phagocytosis to ingest foreign particles
Neutrophils Monocytes Macrophages
Lymphocytes T-Lymphocytes
▪ Sensitized T cells- can kill invading cells or recruit macropahges
B-Lymphocytes▪ Immature B cells▪ Activated B cells
▪ Plasma cells – send huge amounts of antibodies into the blood
▪ Memory cells – wait in lymph nodes for second exposure to an antigen
Know the basic function of each of these cell types and where they are formed:
What is a disease process that attacks the immune system directly and how?
HIV Is a virus that directly attacks the body The virus invades T-cells
Then uses the T-cell machinery to produce more copies of the virus
Eventually the T-cell is bombarded with new virus molecules and explodes releasing more virus molecules into the blood