Review of previous events and the period known

as………….

“The Era of Good Feelings”1817-1825

Presidents: 1789-1825Federalist Party

1789-1797 ….GW (Virginia), Adams VP, TJ secState1797-1801…..John Adams (Mass), TJ VP

Democratic-Republican Party1801-1809…..TJ (Virginia), Madison- SecState1809-1817……Madison (Virginia), Monroe- SecState1817-1825……Monroe (Virginia), JQA- SecState

National Republican Party (only one) 1825-1829…..JQA (Mass), Henry Clay-SecState

(Loser)

Some themes to review…………

Evaluate the Contributions of the Federalists

What does it mean to evaluate????

Evaluate the Contributions of the Federalists………….

Positives Negatives

Established viable govt Political Parties emerge

Solid economic foundation

Alien and Sedition Acts

Order (Whiskey Rebels) Jay’s Treaty

Avoided War (esp w France)

Never settles impressment

Created order on Frontier

Never settles forts on frontier

Est 2-term precedent

“Peaceful Revolution” (1800)

Pinkney’s Treaty

Est. Judicial system (Marshall)

How did the Election of 1800 influence Future politics?

•Personalities become more important than issues•The House of Reps sets a precedent for elections with less than majority•The Peaceful Revolution- “the ballot, not the bullet”•Amendment 12 creates VP as president’s running mate•Judiciary Act of 1801 (Midnight Judges)•Marbury v Madison (Judicial Review established)•John Marshall appointed by lame duck Adams

How did Thomas Jefferson’s presidency upholdAnd promote the same Federalist policiesHe opposed before 1801?

• B.U.S. grew •Marbury v Madison (during TJ’s term)•Favored a larger protective tariff•Attack on the Barbary Pirates•Louisiana Purchase•Embargo Acts

Significance of Louisiana Purchase…………

•Doubled American property•Westward movement- cheap land, safety valve,

“Empire of Liberty” •Perpetuated TJ’s dream of agrarian America•Stretched the Constitution with loose construction (by TJ) led to “Tertium Quids”•Strengthened US claims to Oregon country•Improved relations with France, tense w/Britain•Nationalism, seeds of Manifest Destiny•New states, aggravated slavery issue

Aaron Burr:The Infamous Shootist

John Pickering, District Court Judge: Impeached and Removed for Intoxication and Mental Instability, 1804

Supreme CourtJusticeSamuel ChaseAppointed by GW

Impeached, but Not removed by A D-R Congress

Evaluate the Embargo Acts………… •Kept us out of war •Bought time to build Navy•Increased power of the Federal Government•Opposition to Embargo revived Federalists (esp in New England)•Encouraged infant industries •D-R used loose construction of Const

“Death of the Embargo “

Causes of the War of 1812……….•Freedom of the Seas (common cause of wars in USA)

Impressment (8000 impressed b/n 1808-1811)

Macon’s Bill #2- Napoleon draws US into war•Indian Attacks…….British never left the forts and now

Tecumseh defeated at Battle of Thames by Harrison

Creeks def by Jackson @ Horseshoe Bend•War Hawks elected in 1810…..”On to Canada”

Henry Clay (Kentucky)John C. Calhoun (South Carolina)Daniel Webster (Massachusetts)Felix Grundy (Tennessee)

Two Famous War Hawks:John C Calhoun and Henry Clay

Tecumseh, the “Shooting Star”

Oliver Hazard Perry, hero ofBattle of Lake Erie

“We have met the enemy,And they are ours….”

Battle of New OrleansBy Johnny Horton

In 1814 we took a little tripAlong with Colonel Jackson down the mighty Mississip.We took a little bacon and we took a little beansAnd we caught the bloody British in the town of New Orleans.

[Chorus:]We fired our guns and the British kept a'comin.There wasn't nigh as many as there was a while ago.We fired once more and they began to runnin' onDown the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.

We looked down the river and we see'd the British come.And there must have been a hundred of'em beatin' on the drum.They stepped so high and they made the bugles ring.We stood by our cotton bales and didn't say a thing.

[Chorus]

Old Hickory said we could take 'em by surpriseIf we didn't fire our muskets 'til we looked 'em in the eyeWe held our fire 'til we see'd their faces well.Then we opened up with squirrel guns and really gave 'em ... well

[Chorus]

Yeah, they ran through the briars and they ran through the bramblesAnd they ran through the bushes where a rabbit couldn't go.They ran so fast that the hounds couldn't catch 'emDown the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.**

We fired our cannon 'til the barrel melted down.So we grabbed an alligator and we fought another round.We filled his head with cannon balls, and powdered his behindAnd when we touched the powder off, the gator lost his mind.

[Chorus]

Yeah, they ran through the briars and they ran through the bramblesAnd they ran through the bushes where a rabbit couldn't go.They ran so fast that the hounds couldn't catch 'emDown the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico.**

Effects of War of 1812………

•New respect for US diplomatically•War Heroes (esp. Andrew Jackson, also WH Harrison•Industry stimulated (by embargo and war)

Protectionism, Tariff of 1816stop British “dumping”, protect infant

industries•Revealed sectional disunity…..The Hartford Convention•End of the war= death of Federalist Party, begins “Era of Good Feelings”•Emergence of Nationalistic Pride and American Culture

JF Cooper, Last of the Mohicans, Leatherstocking Tales

Noah Webster…….Dictionary uniforms spellingMcGuffey’s ReaderHudson River School of

Painting…….Landscapes….Charles Burton,

Parson Weems- story of GW

American Architecture, Greek revival of 1820s

Stephen Decatur’s homeDesigned in 1819 byBenjamin Latrobe

Decatur died in a duel in 1820

Features of the “Era of Good Feelings”

•Monroe visits Boston to warm welcome…… 1 Party Exists•Henry Clay’s “American system”

National Bank…………….2nd Bank of the US establishedProtective Tariffs……….. Tariff of 1816 (stop dumping)Internal Improvements……….Erie Canal, National Road

•Panic of 1819- caused by overspeculation on West. Landswildcat banks foreclosed, went bankrupt

•1819 Missouri Compromise- MO=Slave, ME=Free“Firebell in Night”, “Wolf by the Ears”compromised on a moral issue

•1819 Adams-Onis Treaty…Spain cedes Florida (due, in part to Jackson’s shenanigans)

•1823 Monroe Doctrine= Latin America=US turf

MacAdam surface road construction

Compare the Era of Good Feelings w/ Federalist Era…….•Started out united, one party. Factionalized over time•Domestic stability led to focus on economic growth•Clay’s American System……Hamilton’s Plan

American System Hamilton’s Plan

2nd Bank of US 1st Bank of US

Protective Tariffs Revenue Tariffs

Internal Improvements

Funding at par

•Monroe, like Washington was respected Virginia plantation owner who was a sound administrator , served 2 terms.•Federal gov’t strengthened (by Ham &Army in Feds, Marshall in E.G.F.)•Difference: Federalists stabilize economy, D-R face Panic of 1819

Federalists sketchy foreign policy (Jays, undecl w/Fr, Br violationsD-R have foreign policy success w/ JQA (Adams-Onis, Monroe Doc)

SC Decisions of John Marshall (Fed, JQA appointee)…….They Strengthened Federal Government and Private Industry

•Marbury v Madison- est. Judicial Review•McCulloch v Maryland- state cannot tax Federal entity- “the power to tax is the power to destroy” (Marshall)•Cohens v Virginia- SC can review any state ruling•Gibbons v Ogden- only Congress (not States)

can regulate interstate commerce•Fletcher v Peck- state cannot impose a contract on a private party•Dartmouth College v Woodward-

-private contracts protected from state interference

From the grave, Hamilton smiles at Marshall’s decisions!!!!

These men dominated their professions like none other

John Marshall, Chief Justice1801-1835Longest ChiefEstablished Judicial cred