Post on 08-Dec-2021
ADOLESCENCE AND EMERGING
ADULTHOOD
Chapter 11
Personality and Sociocultural Development
Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
Personality and Sociocultural
Development
Storm or Stress or Not?
Storm or
stress
• Large majority of adolescents are emotionally healthy and well-adjusted and have few major conflicts with their parents, peers, or selves
• Emerging adulthood is a period of the lifespan in which many individual experience somewhat more conflict, greater extremes of mood, and riskier behavior than they did in childhood or will in adulthood
• This conclusion is supported cross-culturally
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Developmental Tasks of Adolescence
Fo
rmin
g a
n i
de
nti
ty
James Marcia
Modes of Identity Formation
Status determined by whether or not
there has been a crisis and a
commitment
Statuses
Foreclosure
Diffusion
Moratorium
Identity achievement
Four Modes of Identity Formation
The numbers
indicate the
percentage of people
in each identity
status
category at each
age.
A = Achievement,
M = Moratorium,
F = Foreclosure,
D = Diffusion
Changes in Identity Status with Age
Ide
nti
ty f
orm
ati
on
Identity Formation, Culture,
and Context
Individualist orientation.
Collectivist society
Four modes of identity
Process of identity
formation may be
affected by the culture
Identity Formation
Ethnic identity
• Early adolescence
• Integrating
• Healthy identity formation
• Individual level vs. Societal scale
Family Dynamics
“Generation Me”
• Parental roles with their teens differ
• Parents’ conflict resolution style
• Parental monitoring
Family dynamics
Family Dynamics
Paramount importance
Social
Comparison
Peer Relationships During
Adolescence
• Cliques
• Crowds
• Loners
Relationships
Peer Relationships
Clash of cultures
Gay & lesbian teens
Peers and Parents
• Teens select dates who are similar to themselves
• Intimacy: boys/girls
• Same-sex dating
Dating
Peer Relationships
Functions of Dating
Risk and resilience
Most common high risk behavior
Risk and Resilience in Adolescence
Alcohol Use
Drug Use
Teen Drug Use
Marijuana Use
Mari
juan
a
Most widely used drug in the United States
Brain-imaging research
Marijuana intoxication
Ha
rd c
ore
an
d
desig
ne
r d
rug
s
Cocaine, heroin, and LSD
“Designer” drugs
Other Illegal Drugs
Delinquents
Adolescents under age 16 or 18 who commit criminal
acts
Delinquent behavior links
Delinquency
Sexual abuse
11% of female and 4% of male high
school students
Sexually abused girls
Most common form of sexual
abuse
Long-term negative effects
Sexual Abuse of Adolescents
Depression ties
Brain chemistry
Genetic links
Psychological and social variables
Stress, Depression, and Coping
• Suicide correlates
• Long-standing problems
• Excessive pressure
• Future goals
Interventions
• Crisis intervention services
• Telephone hotlines
• Educational programs
Suicide
Risk Factors Associated with
Adolescent Suicide
Selected Characteristics Associated
with High-Risk Behavior
High-risk behaviors in adolescence are linked to many different factors.
Protective factors of resilient
teens
Personal Qualities
Families
Risk and Protective Factors Associated
with Psychological Problems
INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
Good intellectual functioning
Appealing, sociable, easygoing disposition
High self-esteem
Talents
Faith (religious commitment)
SOCIOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
Bonds to prosocial adults outside the family
Connections to prosocial organizations
Attendance at effective schools
FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS
Close relationship to parent figure
Authoritative parenting
Socioeconomic advantages
Low family stress
Connections with extended, supportive family network
Prosocial family values
Positive role models
Selected Characteristics of Resilient
Children and Adolescents