Post on 16-Dec-2015
CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW
DNA, Protein Synthesis and Viruses
Identify the DNA parts:
A
B
C
D
Identify the DNA parts:
A PHOSPHATE
B Deoxyribose Sugar
C Nitrogenous Base
D Hydrogen Bond
What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide?
• ANSWER:– sugar – Phosphate – Nitrogenous base (remember the song)
Name 3 ways RNA is different from DNA:
• 1. Uracil instead of Thymine.
• 2. Single stranded instead of Double.
• 3. Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose.
What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G
• ANSWER:
• C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C
What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA)
• G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G
• ANSWER:
• C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C
What are the 3 types of RNA?
• a) t-RNA (transfer RNA)
• b) m-RNA (messenger RNA), and
• c) r-RNA (ribosomal RNA)
Which bases are pyrimidines?
• HINT: cut the pie
• C – U - T
Which bases are purines?
• HINT: not cut
• G and A
Which bases are 2-rings?
• HINT: be pure for marriage and get 2 rings
• ANSWER: purines
• A and G
Which bases are one ring?
• HINT: pie is one circle
• C – U - T
Which scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material
• HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge
• HINT 3: bald
• ANSWER: Avery
Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material
• HINT 2: used bacteriophages
• HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus
• ANSWER: Hershey and Chase
Which Scientist(s)
• HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa
• HINT 2: worked as a team
• HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme
• ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum
Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51
• HINT 3: a woman
• ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin
Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside
• HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure
• ANSWER: Watson and Crick
Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure
• HINT 2: stole the Photo 51
• HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize
• ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins
Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: 1920’s
• HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains
• HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation
• ANSWER: Frederick Griffith
Which Scientist(s)?
• HINT 1: worked with animal sperm
• HINT 2: a hottie
• HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even
• ANSWER: Chargaff
What if a DNA sample had 20% adenine, how much guanine should
there be?
• ANSWER: if 20% A and 20% T
• then 30% C and 30% G
Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:
Label the Parts of the Bacteriophage:
1 = DNA
2 = protein coat
3 = tail fiber
4 = tail4
Which enzyme?
• Unwinds DNA
• ANSWER: Topoisomerase
Which enzyme?
• Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication)
• ANSWER: Helicase
Which enzyme?
• Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading
• ANSWER: DNA polymerase
Which enzyme?
• Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand
• ANSWER: Ligase
Which enzyme?
• Adds RNA nucleotide primers
• ANSWER: Primase
Which enzyme?
• Makes RNA’s
• ANSWER: RNA polymerase
What are the parts of the DNA replication fork?
Leading strand, lagging strand, and DNA polymerase
What are the parts of the DNA replication fork?
Leading strand
DNA polymerase
Okazaki fragments on lagging strand
What will the mRNA look like?
What will the mRNA look like?
1 2 3
HINT: exons discarded
Introns kept and coded
What amino acid is mRNA codon:AAA
What amino acid is mRNA codon:AAA
lysine
What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG
What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG
tryptophan
What codon is the START CODON?
What codon is the START CODON?
AUG
What are
• the three STOP CODONS?
• ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA
• (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)
ESSAYDNA: TACTCCGATACC
• mRNA sequence?
• tRNA sequence?
• Amino acid sequence?
ESSAYDNA: TACTCCGATACC
• mRNA sequence?
• tRNA sequence?
• Amino acid sequence?
AUGAGGCUAUAG
UACUCCGAUAUC
Met Arg Leu STOP
What is the mRNA that will code to this anticodon?
What is the mRNA that will code to this anticodon?
AUG
What does a tRNA carry?
• A. codon
• B. triplet
• C. amino acid
• D. ribosome
ANSWER: tRNA (transfer)
• There is at least one tRNAfor each amino acid.
mRNA, ribosomes, and polypeptide chainsCOOL!
How many?
• Nucleotides in a typical gene?
• ANSWER: hundreds or thousands
How Fast?
• Does DNA replication usually take?
• ANSWER: About 50 nucleotides added per second
Which process?
• Codes DNA to mRNA?
• ANSWER? Transcription
• Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein?
• ANSWER: Translation
How many subunits make up a ribosome?
• A. one
• B. two
• C. Three
• D. Four
Ribosome: two subunits
What process?
• Transfers the tRNA from the A to
the P location on the ribosome?
• ANSWER: Translocation
What process?
• Is DNA making a copy of itself?
• ANSWER: Replication
What is the DNA strand if:
• tRNA has the sequence
GUUCGAAUC
• 1. GATTCGAAC
• 2. CAAGCTTAG
• 3. CTAAGCTTG
• 4. GAUUCGAAC
• 5. GTTCGAATC
What is the DNA strand if:
• tRNA has the sequence
GUUCGAAUC
• ANSWER:
• 5. GTTCGAATC
MATCH
• A. structural and functional core
• B. template for translation
• C. transporting amino acid
• 1. mRNA
• 2. tRNA
• 3. rRNA
MATCH
• A. structural and functional core
• B. template for translation
• C. transporting amino acid
• B mRNA
• C. tRNA
• A. rRNA
What is the amino acid sequence for these codons?
* AUG UAC CCC UGU UAA
What is the amino acid sequence for these codons?
• Answer:
• MET-TYR-PRO-CYS-STOP
* AUG UAC CCC UGU UAA
What kind of things…
• Are mutagens?
• ANSWER: high-energy radiation, X-rays, cigarette smoke, UV light, asbestos
Define:
• Mutation:
• ANSWER: Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AAACGTAGG
• ANSWER: insertion (A)
What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGAGG
• ANSWER: Deletion (T)
What type of mutation is this?
• ORIGINAL: AACGTAGG
• MUTATION: AACGGGAT
• ANSWER: Inversion (TAGG flipped))
Matching Viruses:
• 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever
• 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus
• 3. In Malaysia• 4. Causes AIDS
• A. HIV
• B. Hanta virus
• C. Nipah
• D. Ebola
Matching Viruses:
• 1. Causes hemorrhagic fever
• 2. Mice in SW US carried this virus
• 3. In Malaysia (encephalitis)
• 4. Causes AIDS
• (4) A. HIV
• (2) B. Hanta virus
• (3) C. Nipah
• (1) D. Ebola
WHAT IS A RETROVIRUS?
• A. goes backwards
• B. codes DNA to DNA
• C. codes RNA to DNA
• ANSWER: C codes RNA to DNA
WHAT IS the enzymes that codes retroviruses?
• A. reversase
• B. RNAase
• C. reverse transcriptase
• ANSWER: C reverse transcriptase