Chapter 1Sponges, Cnidarians, &

Worms

Characteristics of Animals

• All are: multicellular & eat other organisms to obtain energy

• Most: Reproduce sexually & can move from place to place

Term to know:Species: group of organisms that

can mate with each other & produce fertile offspring

- What Is an Animal?

Structure of Animals• The cells of most animals

are organized into higher levels of structure, including tissues,

• organs, and systems.

How they obtain food• Terms to know• Heterotroph: can NOT make their

own food; must obtain food by eating other organisms (ALL animals)– Food taken in through some cavity

• Autotroph: organism that makes its own food (ex. Plants)

Reproduction• Sexual reproduction: new

organism formed from joining of 2 sex cells– Characteristics of both parents (unique)

• Fertilization: joining of egg & sperm cells

Asexual reproduction: single organism produces a new organism identical to itself

-Parent may divide or buds may grow off Ex. Hydra

Movement• For: obtaining food, reproducing,

escaping danger• Some are sedentary (do not move), but

may have moved at some point

Ex. Oysters, barnacles, sponges, coral

Animal Needs

1. Water2. Food3. Oxygen• All obtained from environmentTerm to know:Adaptation: characteristic that helps

organisms survive in its environment & reproduce

Adaptations for obtaining food

• Herbivores: eat ONLY plants– Ex. Grasshoppers, termites, cows– Teeth are broad & flat for grinding

• Carnivores: eat ONLY other animals– Predators-hunt & kill other animals (prey)– Teeth sharp, pointed for cutting/stabbing– May adapt through-speed, good hearing, or even

camouflage

• Omnivore: Eat both plants & animals– Ex. Humans & bears

Adaptations for escaping predators

• “Playing dead”• Stingers• Claws• Bitter taste• Smelly sprays

Classification of Animals

• This branching tree shows how the major animal groupsare related.

Classification• 35 phylum: major groupings• Based on:

– Body Structure-what they look like

– Embryology-what they looked like early on

– DNA-chemical in cells that controls organisms inherited traits

– Backbone (Vertebrate) vs. No backbone (Invertebrate)

The Animal Kingdom

• Click the Video button to watch a movie about

the animal kingdom.

- What Is an Animal?

Invertebrates

• Click the Video button to watch a movie about invertebrates.

- What Is an Animal?