Post on 30-Oct-2014
Chapter 1Chapter 1
The Fluid Power FieldThe Fluid Power Field
Introduction to Fluid Introduction to Fluid PowerPower
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ObjectivesObjectives
Define the terms fluid power, hydraulic system, and pneumatic system.
Explain the extent of fluid power use in current society and provide several specific examples.
List the advantages and disadvantages of fluid power systems.
Discuss scientific discoveries and applications important to the historical development of the fluid power industry.
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Definition of Fluid Definition of Fluid PowerPower
A fluid power system consists of a prime mover turning a pump to pressurize a fluid, which is transmitted through lines to an actuator that performs work.
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Definition of Fluid Definition of Fluid PowerPower
Fluid power systems are generally grouped under two broad classifications:– Hydraulics– Pneumatics
Hydraulic systems generally use oil as the system fluid, while pneumatic systems use air.
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Fluid Power SystemsFluid Power Systems
Comparisons of hydraulic and pneumatic systems may be done by analyzing:– Operating pressure– Accuracy of actuator movement– Actuator speed– Component weight– System cost
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Fluid Power SystemsFluid Power Systems
Hydraulic systems are accurate, operate at high pressures, are slow, and have strong components.
(Brand X)
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Fluid Power SystemsFluid Power Systems
Compared to hydraulic systems, pneumatic systems:– Are less accurate– Are faster– Have components that are lighter in weight
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Fluid Power SystemsFluid Power Systems
Advantages of both hydraulic and pneumatic systems include easy control of:– Force– Torque– Speed– Direction of actuators
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
The natural movement of air and water was used in the earliest applications of fluid power.
Some industries still use this natural movement.
Glowimages
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
Wind and watermills were used as prime movers to provide power until well into the Industrial Revolution, which occurred in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
Early wind and watermills had very low power outputs. The output was usually in the 3 to 5 horsepower range, with an output of 15 horsepower considered high.
Historians feel that many early machines/devices were developed and operated using empirical knowledge, rather than scientific theory.
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
Archimedes is credited with the discovery in the third century BC of the principle of buoyancy. This is one of the earliest recorded scientific theories.
Scientists such as Pascal, Boyle, Charles, Reynolds, and others provided information that served as a theoretical base for the use of fluids in scientific and industrial applications.
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
James Watt perfected the steam engine, which influenced many aspects of the Industrial Revolution including fluid power components and systems.
Comstock
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
Accurate machining and the development of effective sealing devices had a positive effect on the early development of hydraulic presses.
Photo courtesy of Apple Rubber Products, Inc.
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
Compact, self-contained power units, which contained the prime mover, pump, and reservoir, were developed in the early 1900s.
These units had considerable influence on the development of fluid power as we know it today.
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History of Fluid PowerHistory of Fluid Power
Self-contained power units
Continental Hydraulics
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Fluid Power TodayFluid Power Today
Fluid power systems are used extensively throughout business and industry today.
Glowimages
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Fluid Power TodayFluid Power Today
Few products are not influenced in some way by fluid power systems.
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Fluid Power TodayFluid Power Today
Fluid power in various forms is widely used in everyday life.
PhotoDisc
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Review QuestionReview Question
The physical components in a fluid power system are used to _____, _____, and _____ power to produce the desired results in an application.
generate; transmit; control
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Review QuestionReview Question
Name six industries in which fluid power applications contribute to daily operations and long-term business success.
Manufacturing, transportation, mining, agriculture, construction, and recreation. (other answers are possible)
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Review QuestionReview Question
The pneumatic fluid power system is generally considered to be the most expensive to operate because of the cost of _____, _____, and _____ the air.
compressing; conditioning; distributing
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Review QuestionReview Question
It is generally believed by historians that much of the early development of fluid power was based on _____, rather than on an understanding of scientific principles.
practical experimentation, or tinkering