Wardlaw’s Contemporary Nutrition, Seventh Edition

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Gordon M. WardlawAnne M. Smith

Chapter 3

Question 1

Bone, cartilage, muscle, and nerves are considered

A. organs.

B. organ systems.

C. tissues.

D. organisms.

Question 2

Which of the following act as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins required to perform specific body tasks?

A. RNA

B. Cells

C. Organs

D. DNA

Question 3

To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?

A. Heart

B. Lungs

C. Liver

D. Kidneys

Question 4

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?

A. Epiglottis

B. Tongue

C. Tonsils

D. Esophagus

Question 5

Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver?

A. Portal vein

B. Mesenteric vein

C. Subclavian vein

D. Hepatic vein

Question 6

Blood leaving the intestine goes by way of a vein to the

A. kidneys.

B. heart.

C. liver.

D. pancreas.

Question 7

After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?

A. Portal

B. Enterohepatic

C. Lymphatic

D. Mesentery

Question 8

Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?

A. It is composed of a mucus-like substance.

B. It picks up and transports dietary lipid.

C. It serves to transport fat- and water-soluble vitamins to the heart.

D. It funnels nutrients to the liver via a one-way pump.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the lymphatic system?

A. The specialized fluid carried by this system is blood.

B. This system never intersects with the bloodstream.

C. It is not involved in the transport of nutrients.

D. It is important for transporting fat-soluble nutrients.

Question 10

Where does digestion begin?

A. Mouth

B. Stomach

C. Esophagus

D. Small intestine

Question 11

All of the following are features of the epiglottis except which one?

A. It covers the opening of the trachea.

B. It prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing.

C. It guides food down the esophagus.

D. It is the first GI tract sphincter.

Question 12

Most digestion takes place in the

A. stomach.

B. small intestine.

C. pancreas.

D. large intestine.

Question 13

The stomach empties into the small intestine through the

A. pyloric sphincter.

B. esophageal sphincter.

C. Sphincter of Oddi.

D. ileocecal sphincter.

Question 14

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?

A. Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach

B. Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus

C. Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach

D. Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon

Question 15

What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

A. Pyloric

B. Esophageal

C. Rectal

D. Ileocecal

Question 16

The ring-like muscles that retard or prevent backflow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are called

A. sphincters.

B. passages.

C. openings.

D. gates.

Question 17

Which of the following is a description of chyme?

A. A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines

B. The semisolid mass of undigested food that is swallowed

C. The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion

D. A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against digestive juices

Question 18

Which of the following is not a sphincter?

A. Duodenal

B. Esophageal

C. Pyloric

D. Ileocecal

Question 19

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

A. Emulsifies fats

B. Neutralizes stomach acid

C. Digests food

D. Protects stomach cells from gastric juices

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?

A. Breaks apart food particles

B. Controls passage of food through the GI tract

C. Controls peristalsis

D. Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract

Answer Key – Chapter 31. C2. D3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8. B9. D10. A

11. D12. B13. A14. C15. D16. A17. A18. A19. D20. B