Post on 19-May-2015
PTHA 1513FUNCTIONAL ANATOMYWeek 1: Lecture 1 Elaine Wilson, PT
1
Today’s Theme Song 2
Welcome to the Spring Semester!!!
Goals for Today3
Review the course syllabus Define commonly used anatomic and
kinesiologic terminolgy Describe common movements of the
body Analyze the planes of motion and axes of
rotation for common motions
Syllabus Review4
Expectations for Functional Anatomy
5
CHAPTER 1Basic Principles of Kinesiology
Kinematics7
Translation Rectilinear motion (straight line) Curvilinear motion (curved line)
Rotation (movement of body about an axis) Active movements
e.g., flexing an arm over the head Passive movements
e.g., resistance of a stretched ligament
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Kinesiology Terminology8
Anterior: toward the front of the body Posterior: toward the back of the body Midline: an imaginary line that courses vertically
through the center of the body Medial: toward the midline of the body Lateral: away from the midline of the body Superior: above, or toward the head
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Kinesiology Terminology – cont’d
9
Inferior: below, or toward the feet Proximal: closer to, or toward the torso Distal: away from the torso Cephalad: toward the head Caudal: toward the feet, or “tail” Superficial: toward the surface (skin) of the body
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Kinesiology Terminology – cont’d
10
Deep: toward the inside (core) of the body Origin: the proximal attachment of a muscle or
ligament Insertion: the distal attachment of a muscle or
ligament Prone: describes the position of an individual
lying face down Supine: describes the position of an individual
lying face up
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics11
Planes of motion Sagittal plane: left-right division Frontal plane: front-back division Horizontal (transverse) plane: top-bottom
division Anatomic position Degrees of freedom
Number of planes of motion joint allows
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics – cont’d12
Axes of rotation Anterior-posterior
e.g., hip abduction/adduction Medial-lateral
e.g., elbow flexion/extension Vertical (longitudinal)
Rotational movements, e.g., trunk rotation
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics: Body Motions
13
Flexion Motion of one bone approaching the flexor surface of
another Extension
An approximation of the extensor surfaces of two bones Abduction
Frontal plane movement away from the midline
Adduction Frontal plane movement toward the midline
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d
14
Rotation Bony segment spinning about its longitudinal axis of
rotation Internal rotation
Anterior bone surface rotates toward the midline External rotation
Anterior bone surface rotates away from the midline
Circumduction A circular motion through two planes
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d15
Protraction Translation of bone away from midline in a plane
parallel to the ground Retraction
Movement of a bony segment toward the midline in a plane parallel to the ground
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d
16
Horizontal adduction and abduction Shoulder motions in the transverse plane Horizontal adduction: hands come together Horizontal abduction: extremities move away from midline
Pronation Forearm movement that turns the palm
posteriorly Supination
Forearm movement that turns the palm anteriorly
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d
17
Radial deviation Lateral hand movement toward the radius
Ulnar deviation Medial hand movement toward the ulna
Dorsiflexion Sagittal plane ankle motion bringing the foot upward
Plantar flexion Sagittal plane ankle motion pushing the foot downward
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics: Body Motions – cont’d
18
Inversion and eversion Frontal plane motions of the ankle/foot complex Inversion results in a medial-facing foot sole Eversion results in a lateral-facing foot sole
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Osteokinematics: It’s All Relative
19
Two perspectives of movement at a joint Open-chain motion
Movement of distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment
Closed-chain motion Movement of proximal segment of bone about a
relatively fixed distal segment
Mosby items and derived items © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Homework
Read Chapter 1: Essentials of Kinesiology for the PTA prior to Thursday 01/19/12 course at 9am.
20