Post on 31-Jul-2020
Presentation on
Plagiarism: What It Is And How
Can You Avoid It
By:
Yashwant Singh Patel,
Asst. Professor,
Department of Computer Science
CHAMELI DEVI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Outline
What It Is
o Terminology
o Legal Implications
o Types of Plagiarism
How to Avoid It
o Methods
How to Detect It
o Detection Tools
o Papermills & Essay Sites
o Popular Commercial Tools
o Free Plagiarism Websites
Conclusion
7/4/2015 1
Possible Reasons For Rejection Of Any Paper
o It fails the technical screening. (Suspected to be Plagiarized)
o It does not fall within the Aims and Scope.
o It's incomplete.
o The procedures or analysis of the data is seen to be defective.
o The conclusions cannot be justified on the basis of the rest of
the paper.
o It's is simply a small extension of a different paper, often from
the same authors.
o It's incomprehensible.
o It's boring.
Source: By Peter Thrower, PhD, Editor In Chief, Elsevier
http://www.elsevier.com/connect-reasons-i-rejected-your-article 7/4/2015 2
7/4/2015 3
Main Reasons People May Choose Not To Check
Plagiarism
4 7/4/2015
Too Time-Consuming
Too Expensive
Software Is Difficult To Use
Confidence In Originality Of Work
Other
Not An Issue In My Work
7/4/2015 5
8%
7%
22%
12%
21%
19%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Other
Software is difficult to use
Not an issue in my work
Confidence in originality of work
Too time-consuming
Too expensive
Source: 2012 Survey Highlights-Scholarly Cable (WWW.ITHENTICATE.COM)
What Is The Main Reason People May Choose Not
To Check Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone else's work
and attempting to "pass it off" as your own. This can
apply to anything, from term papers to photographs
to songs, even ideas!
American Association of University Professors
(September/October, 1989).
Terminology: Plagiarism
o Is it against the law?
o How is it applied at the college level?
o ULM's policy is very clear for the offenses.
Legal Implications
Common Types of Plagiarism
o Paraphrasing without giving credits to the original source.
o Quoting less than what has been copied.
o Creating a paper by cutting and pasting phrases, sentences, or
paragraphs from other publications.
o Working on an individual assignment with a partner and turning
in identical answers.
7/4/2015 8 Source: Based on Robert A. Harris’ Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting,
and Dealing with Plagiarism. Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 2001.
Desperate Types of Plagiarism
o Copy an entire article from the Web or a subscription online
database.
o Download a free research paper from the Web.
o Buy a paper from a commercial paper mill.
o Fake a citation to get by so as to meet the deadline.
o Use a paper with permission from a friend who took the same
course or chose the same research topic.
7/4/2015 9 Source: Based on Robert A. Harris’ Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting
, and Dealing with Plagiarism. Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 2001.
How To Avoid Plagiarism
o In academic writing copying in a way that makes the
ideas appear to be your own is plagiarism.
Techniques:
o Technique 1: Paraphrasing (re-writing in your own words)
o Technique 2: Follow the rules when copying directly from a
text or any other source (e.g., the internet).
10 Source:
http://www4.caes.hku.hk/plagiarism/techniques.htm
Technique 1: Paraphrasing
Good paraphrases…
o Change the order & structure of sentences.
o Use synonyms/different forms of words.
o May change the voice or perspective.
Source: http://www.academicintegrity.uoguelph.ca/
Paraphrasing
Good paraphrases…
1) Change the order & structure of sentences
ORIGINAL
Instead of analyzing data with an exploratory factor analysis (where each item is free to load on each factor) and potentially facing a solution inconsistent with initial theory, a CFA can give the investigator valuable information regarding the fit of the data to the specific, theory-derived measurement model (where items load only on the factors they were designed to measure), and point to the potential weakness of specific items.
PARAPHRASE If the focus of the investigation is the connection between data and the theoretical model being used for measurement, a CFA is a better choice than an exploratory factor analysis, as the CFA is more likely to provide results that show the connection between data and theory (Mueller & Hancock, 2001).
Source: Mueller RO and Hancock GR. (2001). Factor Analysis and Latent Structure: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In N. J. Smelse
r & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 5239-5244). Oxford, England: Pergamon
.
Paraphrasing
Good paraphrases…
2) Use synonyms/different forms of words
Source: Johnson, C.S., MeLeod, W., Kennedy, L., and McLeod, K. (2008).Osteoporosis Health Beliefs Among Younger
and Older Men and Women [Electronic version]. Health Education & Behavior 35(5)721-733.
ORIGINAL
Optimizing peak bone mass during the early years is thought to be a key factor in preventing osteoporosis later in life.
PARAPHRASE
To prevent osteoporosis, experts believe it is important to build
bone mass before adulthood (Johnson et al., 2008).
Good paraphrases…
3) Change the voice (from passive to active)
Earth-friendly products are being purchased more often by consumers.
Increasingly, shoppers are choosing to buy environmentally safe products.
DOER is the subject
of the sentence
(ACTIVE)
DOER of the action is in
the object position
(PASSIVE)
Paraphrasing
How To Avoid Plagiarism
Technique 2: Follow the rules when copying directly from a text
o There are times when you can quote directly from your source
material. However, you must follow certain rules.
o Direct copying of part of a passage (e.g. a whole paragraph).
o Very short parts of a source text (e.g. part of a sentence) can be
copied when needed.
o The exact source of your quotation must be acknowledged.
o Examples of when you might want to copy directly are:
o when the exact words are relevant to your argument/discussion
o when something is expressed in a way which is unique
o when re-writing would cause a loss of impact
o 15
Source: http://www4.caes.hku.hk/plagiarism/Techniques_2.htm
How To Avoid Plagiarism
Acknowledging Your Source
o Reference using the “in-the-text” example:
o Provide the author and the date (and or page) in your writing:
Gardner (1994) says that what turns good teaching material
into good learning material is what teachers do with it.
o Then, an item in the reference list at the end of your writing:
References:
o Gardner, D. 1994 'Creating simple interactive video for self-access
in D. Gardner. and L. Miller (Eds.) Directions in Self-Access
Language Learning. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press
o 16
Source: http://www4.caes.hku.hk/plagiarism/acknowledging.htm
Citation Style Examples
APA Citation Style Examples:
http://www.library.cornell.edu/node/147
Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide:
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
17
APA Citation Style
Works by multiple authors
o (Leiter & Maslach, 1998).
o as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated.
o Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found.
o "et al." (Latin for "and others") and the year of publication:
Kahneman et al. (1991) found
18 Source: http://www.library.cornell.edu/node/147
Plagiarism Detection Tools
o Web Search Engines:
-- Google -- Yahoo
-- Fast -- Dogpile
o Suggested Methods of searching
o Conduct an exact-phrase search in a Web or Directory search
box
o Enter a phrase from a suspected paper, using quotation marks
o Conduct a keyword search
o Enter a few keywords from a suspected paper in the Web
search box
(e.g. school connectedness youth violence anger behaviour)
o Perform the searches in more than one search engines
7/4/2015 19
Papermills & Essay Sites
o Free Essay network:
http://www.freeessay.com/
o EssaySearch.com:
http://www.essaysearch.com/
o Essay Crawler:
http://www.essaycrawler.com
o Term Paper Sites:
http://www.termpapersites.com/
o Search Cowboy:
http://www.searchcowboy.com/cgi-bin/search/search.cgi
?keywords=essays
7/4/2015 20
Popular Commercial Tools: TurnItIn
7/4/2015 21
Source: https://turnitin.com/
7/4/2015 22
7/4/2015 23
OrCheck (Google API) Keyword Hits
7/4/2015 24
Source: cise.sbu.ac.uk/orcheck/
Praise – who’s copied who?
7/4/2015 25
Source: cise.sbu.ac.uk/praise/
JStynalyser– Style Change
7/4/2015 26 Source: http://stynalyser.sourceforge.net /
Free Plagiarism Websites
If a professor suspects a student has plagiarized, it is
easy enough to check on it.
http://www.google.com/
And/or Google Scholar
http://www.metacrawler.com/
Source:
http://www.canadacollege.edu/inside/acad_integrity/HowtoPreventPlagiarsm.pdf
7/4/2015 27
Free Plagiarism Websites
Plagtracker (www.plagtracker.com)
Viper (www.scanmyessay.com)
Article Checker (www.articlechecker.com)
Plagiarism Checker (www.dustball.com/cs/plagiarism.checker)
SearchEngineReports (searchenginereports.net/)
DupliChecker (www.duplichecker.com)
Plagium (www.plagium.com/)
Dustball (www.dustball.com/cs/plagiarism.checker)
SmallSEOTools (www.smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker)
DocCop (https://www.doccop.com/)
Plagiarisma.net (www.plagiarisma.net)
7/4/2015 28
Conclusions
In general, don’t be afraid to use the thoughts of others to
illustrate, punctuate, or contrast your own arguments.
In fact, the use of these outside sources demonstrates your
willingness to study and carefully consider outside opinions.
Learning to properly paraphrase and cite other authors is an
important, but tricky part of the writing process that will require
diligence and practice.
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