Ch.13 ReviewCh.13 Review

Causes of IndustrializationCauses of Industrialization

Civil War -encouraged production, expansion of railroads, etc.

Natural Resources- lots of them! Growing Workforce -immigrants. Technology/Innovation-new inventions Government Policies- encouraged

investment in businesses and technology.

Civil War -encouraged production, expansion of railroads, etc.

Natural Resources- lots of them! Growing Workforce -immigrants. Technology/Innovation-new inventions Government Policies- encouraged

investment in businesses and technology.

Important People of the Late 1800s

Important People of the Late 1800s

Thomas Edison- Invented new technology (electric lighting)

Henry Bessemer- Developed Bessemer process (created strong, lightweight steel for use in railroads and construction.

Thomas Edison- Invented new technology (electric lighting)

Henry Bessemer- Developed Bessemer process (created strong, lightweight steel for use in railroads and construction.

Important People cont.Important People cont.

Andrew Carnegie- Use of vertical integration influenced the rise of big business; urged business men to also be philanthropists. STEEL

John D. Rockefeller- Use of horizontal integration (influenced the rise of big business) OIL

Andrew Carnegie- Use of vertical integration influenced the rise of big business; urged business men to also be philanthropists. STEEL

John D. Rockefeller- Use of horizontal integration (influenced the rise of big business) OIL

Important People cont.Important People cont. Samuel Gompers- Formed the AFL,

influencing the rise of labor unions.

Uriah Smith Stephens- founder of the Knights of Labor.

Terence V. Powderly- took over leadership of the Knights of Labor- huge recruitment numbers

Samuel Gompers- Formed the AFL, influencing the rise of labor unions.

Uriah Smith Stephens- founder of the Knights of Labor.

Terence V. Powderly- took over leadership of the Knights of Labor- huge recruitment numbers

Important People cont.Important People cont.

Eugene V. Debs- Challenged big business by orchestrating the Pullman Strike and helping to found the IWW

Eugene V. Debs- Challenged big business by orchestrating the Pullman Strike and helping to found the IWW

Terms to KnowTerms to Know

Monopolies Tariffs Patents Laissez-Faire Cartel Trusts

Monopolies Tariffs Patents Laissez-Faire Cartel Trusts

Terms to Know (cont.)Terms to Know (cont.)

Horizontal integration Vertical integration Capitalism “Captains of Industry” “Robber Barons” Corporation

Horizontal integration Vertical integration Capitalism “Captains of Industry” “Robber Barons” Corporation

Terms to Know (cont.)Terms to Know (cont.)

Bessemer Process Sweatshop Socialism Mass production Entrepreneur Company Town Collective Bargaining

Bessemer Process Sweatshop Socialism Mass production Entrepreneur Company Town Collective Bargaining

Influential Labor UnionsInfluential Labor Unions

National Trades Union (1834)- First national union; open to workers of all trades.

Knights of Labor (1869)- Sought general ideological reform; open to workers from all trades. Did not protest.

National Trades Union (1834)- First national union; open to workers of all trades.

Knights of Labor (1869)- Sought general ideological reform; open to workers from all trades. Did not protest.

Influential Labor Unions cont.Influential Labor Unions cont.

American Federation of Labor (AFL) (1886)- Focused on specific workers’ issues; organization of skilled workers. Did stage protests.

American Railway Union (1893)- First industrial union; open to all railway workers.

American Federation of Labor (AFL) (1886)- Focused on specific workers’ issues; organization of skilled workers. Did stage protests.

American Railway Union (1893)- First industrial union; open to all railway workers.

Important Government Polices of the late 1800sImportant Government

Polices of the late 1800s Protective tariffs- Congress enacted

tariffs on imported goods to make them cost more than locally produced goods.

Laissez-Faire Policies- The government allowed businesses to operate under minimal government regulation.

Protective tariffs- Congress enacted tariffs on imported goods to make them cost more than locally produced goods.

Laissez-Faire Policies- The government allowed businesses to operate under minimal government regulation.

Government Policies cont.Government Policies cont. Subsidizing Railroads- The government

gave railroad builders millions of acres of land.

Strike Breaking- Government troops routinely helped break up strikes. The Pinkertons.

Antiunion Actions- Courts used legislation like the Sherman Antitrust Act to order unions to stop disrupting free trade.

Subsidizing Railroads- The government gave railroad builders millions of acres of land.

Strike Breaking- Government troops routinely helped break up strikes. The Pinkertons.

Antiunion Actions- Courts used legislation like the Sherman Antitrust Act to order unions to stop disrupting free trade.

StrikesStrikes Haymarket Riot- riot amongst workers

fighting for an 8 hr. work day. Knights of Labor fizzled out as a result.

Homestead Strike- steel workers at Carnegie’s plant. Fighting against cut in wages. Pinkerton’s, army, militia’s called in to suppress the strike.

Haymarket Riot- riot amongst workers fighting for an 8 hr. work day. Knights of Labor fizzled out as a result.

Homestead Strike- steel workers at Carnegie’s plant. Fighting against cut in wages. Pinkerton’s, army, militia’s called in to suppress the strike.

Strikes cont.Strikes cont.

Pullman Strike -railroad workers strike against wage decreases. Did tremendous damage to the railroad industry/economy. Fed. Gov’t begins to side with businesses (anti-unions) after this.

Pullman Strike -railroad workers strike against wage decreases. Did tremendous damage to the railroad industry/economy. Fed. Gov’t begins to side with businesses (anti-unions) after this.

Focus QuestionsFocus Questions

What factors spurred industrial growth in the late 1800s?

How did new technologies shape industrialization?

What factors spurred industrial growth in the late 1800s?

How did new technologies shape industrialization?

Focus QuestionsFocus Questions

What impact did industrialization have on Americans?

What impact did industrialization have on Americans?

Section #1 Focus QuestionSection #1 Focus Question

How did industrialization and new technology affect the economy and society?

How did industrialization and new technology affect the economy and society?

Focus QuestionsFocus Questions

What strategies did corporations use to decrease costs and increase profits?

What strategies did corporations use to decrease costs and increase profits?

Focus QuestionsFocus Questions

What arguments did people use to support OR oppose big business?

How did the federal government regulate business?

What arguments did people use to support OR oppose big business?

How did the federal government regulate business?

Section 2 Focus QuestionSection 2 Focus Question

How did big business shape the American economy in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

How did big business shape the American economy in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

Focus QuestionsFocus Questions

How did working conditions affect families?

How did various labor unions differ in their goals?

How did working conditions affect families?

How did various labor unions differ in their goals?

Focus QuestionsFocus Questions

Why did workers increasingly turn to the strike as a tactic to win labor gains?

Why did workers increasingly turn to the strike as a tactic to win labor gains?

Section 3 Focus QuestionSection 3 Focus Question

How did the rise of labor unions shape relations among workers, big business, and government?

How did the rise of labor unions shape relations among workers, big business, and government?

The BIG QuestionThe BIG Question

How did the industrial growth of the late 1800s shape American society and the economy?

How did the industrial growth of the late 1800s shape American society and the economy?