Ch. 4: Human GeographyCh. 4: Human GeographyPeople and PlacesPeople and Places

Ch. 4 Section 1Ch. 4 Section 1

Objective: Objective: Identify Identify essential essential elements of elements of culture.culture.

CultureCulture

The total of knowledge, attitudes, The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and and behaviors shared by and

passed on by the members of a passed on by the members of a specific group.specific group.

CultureCulture

Food and ShelterFood and Shelter ReligionReligion Relationship to Relationship to

family and othersfamily and others LanguageLanguage

EducationEducation Security and Security and

ProtectionProtection Political and Social Political and Social

OrganizationOrganization Creative Creative

ExpressionExpression

Innovation

The gold miners wanted clothes that were strong and did not tear easily. In 1853, Leob Strauss started a wholesale business, supplying clothes. Strauss later changed his name from Leob to

Levi.

Cultural ExchangeCultural Exchange

DiffusionDuring WWII jeans were introduced to the world by American soldiers, who sometimes wore them when they were off duty. In the 1950's, denim became popular with young people. It was the symbol of the teenage rebel on T.V. and in movies. Some schools banned the wearing of jeans.

Acculturation

Different styles of jeans were made to match the 60's fashions. In many non-western countries, jeans became a symbol of “western decadence” and were very hard to get. In the summer of '99Tom Ford's feathered, beaded, beat-up, torn-knee Gucci blue jeans,

seen globally, sell out instantaneously at $3715 a pop.

There are between 3000 and There are between 3000 and 6500 different languages 6500 different languages

spoken in the world today!!!spoken in the world today!!! Chinese Chinese (937,132,000) (937,132,000) SpanishSpanish (332,000,000) (332,000,000) EnglishEnglish (322,000,000) (322,000,000) BengaliBengali (189,000,000) (189,000,000) Hindi/UrduHindi/Urdu (182,000,000) (182,000,000) ArabicArabic (174,950,000) (174,950,000) PortuguesePortuguese (170,000,000) (170,000,000) RussianRussian (170,000,000) (170,000,000) JapaneseJapanese (125,000,000) (125,000,000) GermanGerman (98,000,000) (98,000,000) FrenchFrench (79,572,000) (79,572,000)

Language TreeLanguage Tree

MonotheisticMonotheistic

1 God1 God

Christianity, Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Judaism, and Islam are examples.are examples.

PolytheisticPolytheistic

Belief in many Belief in many Gods.Gods.

Hinduism and Hinduism and ancient Greek and ancient Greek and Egyptian religions Egyptian religions are examples.are examples.

Animistic or TraditionalAnimistic or Traditional

Often a belief in Often a belief in the divine forces of the divine forces of nature.nature.

World ReligionsWorld Religions

1616

Major Religions: Major Religions: CommonalitiesCommonalities

Have a founder or key figure Have a founder or key figure Have scripturesHave scriptures Have ritualsHave rituals Have structures for prayer or Have structures for prayer or

religious ritualsreligious rituals Religions have a tendency to splinterReligions have a tendency to splinter Teach a form of the Golden RuleTeach a form of the Golden Rule Value PeaceValue Peace

Objective: Objective: Compare and contrast Compare and contrast six major world religionssix major world religions

HinduismHinduism

JudaismJudaism

BuddhismBuddhism

ConfucianismConfucianism

ChristianityChristianity

IslamIslam

4 Minute Quick Write4 Minute Quick Write

How are religions similar? How are How are religions similar? How are religions different? Write in complete religions different? Write in complete sentences, be specific, and sentences, be specific, and elaborate!elaborate!

Population TermsPopulation Terms BirthrateBirthrate – live births per 1000 – live births per 1000

population.population. Fertility RateFertility Rate – Average number of – Average number of

children a woman has.children a woman has. Mortality RateMortality Rate – Number of deaths – Number of deaths

per 1000 people.per 1000 people. Infant Mortality RateInfant Mortality Rate – Number of – Number of

deaths among infants under age of deaths among infants under age of one per 1000 live births.one per 1000 live births.

World Mortality RateWorld Mortality Rate

Don’t Believe that?Don’t Believe that?

Then check this out!Then check this out!

Poodwaddle World Clock

Urban GeographyUrban Geography

Study of how people use Study of how people use space in a city.space in a city.

Key termsKey terms The rise in the number of cities and the The rise in the number of cities and the

changes in lifestyle that result is called changes in lifestyle that result is called urbanizationurbanization..

City City – Areas with large populations that – Areas with large populations that are centers for business and culture.are centers for business and culture.

SuburbsSuburbs – Political units touching the – Political units touching the central city or another suburb.central city or another suburb.

ExurbsExurbs – Smaller cities or towns with open – Smaller cities or towns with open land between them and the central city.land between them and the central city.

Metropolitan AreaMetropolitan Area – When a city, suburbs, – When a city, suburbs, and exurbs link together economically.and exurbs link together economically.

MegalopolisMegalopolis – When multiple metro areas – When multiple metro areas overlap.overlap.

SIM City !!!!!SIM City !!!!! ResidentialResidential – single family housing – single family housing

and apartmentsand apartments IndustrialIndustrial – where goods are – where goods are

manufacturedmanufactured CommercialCommercial – where finished goods – where finished goods

are soldare soldThe core of a city is almost always based on commercial activity. This area of a city is called the central business district (CBD).

Objective: Differentiate between political and economic systems and identify varieties of each.

State – Independent unit that occupies a territory. Often we use the term “Country” instead of state.

Nation – Refers to a group of people with similar culture living within a territory.

Nation State – When a nation and a state occupy the same territory.

Stateless Nation – When a nation has no territory. Palestinians, Kurds, and Basques are examples.

Growing in NumberGrowing in Number

In 1900 there were only 57 countries.In 1900 there were only 57 countries.

In 2000 there were 192 countries.In 2000 there were 192 countries.

Today there are 196 countries.Today there are 196 countries.

What is the largest state / What is the largest state / country?country?

Russia with an area over 17 million square Russia with an area over 17 million square km ! km !

That is 1.8 times the size of the U.S..That is 1.8 times the size of the U.S..

What is the smallest state / What is the smallest state / country?country?

Vatican City (Holy See) has a area of .44 square Vatican City (Holy See) has a area of .44 square km.km.

That is less than 140 acres!That is less than 140 acres!

It is also It is also landlockedlandlocked. That means it is . That means it is surrounded by land with no direct access to the surrounded by land with no direct access to the sea.sea.

There are 196 states. And that number is growing!

Why do people need a government?

DemocracyDemocracy

Citizens hold the Citizens hold the power either power either directly or through directly or through elected elected representation.representation.

MonarchyMonarchy

A ruling family A ruling family headed by a king headed by a king or queen holds or queen holds political power and political power and may or may not may or may not share power with share power with citizen bodies.citizen bodies.

DictatorshipDictatorship An individual or An individual or

group holds complete group holds complete political power.political power.

North Korea’s Kim Jong Un

Cuba’s Castro

Chile’s PinochetRussia’s Stalin

Ch. 4 Section 5

Traditional EconomyTraditional Economy

Goods and Goods and services are services are traded traded without using without using money.money.

Market EconomyMarket Economy

Production of Production of goods and goods and services are services are determined determined by demand by demand from from consumers.consumers.

Command EconomyCommand Economy

Production of Production of goods and goods and services is services is determined by determined by the government. the government. Production does Production does not necessarily not necessarily reflect consumer reflect consumer demand.demand.

WHO AND WHY?WHO AND WHY?

Who Who makesmakes economic economic decisionsdecisions? ? Who Who ownsowns resources? resources? Who Who providesprovides goods and services? goods and services?

Why?Why?

Either ... or ...Either ... or ...

FREE MARKET FREE MARKET ECONOMYECONOMY

COMMAND ECONOMYCOMMAND ECONOMY

(PLANNED ECONOMY)(PLANNED ECONOMY)

WHOWHO

makes makes economic economic decisions?decisions?

WHY?WHY?

Either ... or ...Either ... or ...FREE MARKET FREE MARKET ECONOMYECONOMY

COMMAND ECONOMYCOMMAND ECONOMY

(PLANNED ECONOMY)(PLANNED ECONOMY)

WHOWHO

makes makes economieconomic c decisiondecisionss

The market: The market:

-supply and demand -supply and demand -sellers-buyerssellers-buyers-producers –producers –consumersconsumers

The stateThe state

WHY?WHY? -to allow competition and -to allow competition and thus make the economy thus make the economy more efficientmore efficient

↓↓

-to provide better quality -to provide better quality products at lower costsproducts at lower costs

-to redistribute wealth in -to redistribute wealth in the country more fairlythe country more fairly

-to care for public needs-to care for public needs

Group the following Group the following expressions:expressions:

government interferencegovernment interference privately-owned companiesprivately-owned companies market mechanismmarket mechanism market reliancemarket reliance state-owned companiesstate-owned companies central plannerscentral planners laissez-faire laissez-faire government-run businessgovernment-run business central planning systemcentral planning system privately-run companies privately-run companies government interventiongovernment intervention communismcommunism

PLANNED E.PLANNED E.vs. vs. MARKET MARKET E.E.

government government interferenceinterference

state-owned state-owned companiescompanies

central planningcentral planning government government

interventionintervention communismcommunism

marketmarket mechanismmechanism market market reliancereliance privately-ownedprivately-owned

companiescompanies privately-runprivately-run

companiescompanies laissez-fairelaissez-faire

... or both...... or both...

FREE MARKET FREE MARKET ECONOMYECONOMY

(FREE ENTERPRISE (FREE ENTERPRISE ECONOMY)ECONOMY)

COMMAND COMMAND ECONOMYECONOMY

(PLANNED (PLANNED ECONOMY)ECONOMY)

MIXED MIXED ECONOMYECONOMY

WHOWHO

makes makes economieconomic c decisiondecisionss

The market: The market:

-supply and demand -supply and demand -sellers-buyerssellers-buyers-producers –producers –consumersconsumers

The stateThe state Both the Both the market and market and the statethe state

WHYWHY -to allow competition -to allow competition and make the and make the economy more economy more efficientefficient

-to provide better -to provide better quality products at quality products at lower costslower costs

-to redistribute -to redistribute wealth in the wealth in the country more country more fairlyfairly

-to care for -to care for public needspublic needs

To benefit To benefit from both from both economic economic systemssystems

Identify the advantages and Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the market disadvantages of the market economy as opposed to the economy as opposed to the

command economycommand economy..FREE MARKET FREE MARKET ECONOMYECONOMY

COMMAND ECONOMYCOMMAND ECONOMY

(PLANNED ECONOMY)(PLANNED ECONOMY)

advantagesadvantages

disadvantagdisadvantageses

““The market has a keen ear for The market has a keen ear for private wants, and a deaf ear private wants, and a deaf ear

for public needs.” for public needs.”

((R. Heilbroner)R. Heilbroner)

Economic ActivitiesEconomic Activities PrimaryPrimary – – Gather raw materialsGather raw materials - - Pick CottonPick Cotton

SecondarySecondary – – Manufacture products Manufacture products – – Make into Make into textilestextiles

TertiaryTertiary – – Provide services Provide services – – Salesperson at Salesperson at storestore

QuarternaryQuarternary – – Provide info& managementProvide info& management –– Create Create disease resistant cotton plant.disease resistant cotton plant.

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

RenewableRenewable – –

Replaced Replaced through natural through natural processes.processes.

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

Non- Non- RenewableRenewable – – Can not be Can not be replaced once replaced once removed from removed from the ground.the ground.

Natural ResourceNatural Resource

Inexhaustible Inexhaustible Energy SourceEnergy Source – – Resources, used for Resources, used for producing power, producing power, that are the result that are the result of solar or planetary of solar or planetary processes and are processes and are unlimited in unlimited in quantity.quantity.

InfrastructureInfrastructure Support systems needed to keep an Support systems needed to keep an

economy going.economy going.

Power lines

Water Supply

Transportation Routes

Sanitation

Per Capita IncomePer Capita Income – Average amount – Average amount of money earned by a person.of money earned by a person.

GNP – Gross GNP – Gross National ProductNational Product – The value of – The value of goods produced by goods produced by a country, inside or a country, inside or outside of it’s outside of it’s boundaries.boundaries.

GDP – Gross GDP – Gross Domestic Domestic ProductProduct – The – The value of goods value of goods produced produced withinwithin a a country’s borders.country’s borders.

How is what we learned like . . .

Democracy, republic, totalitarian system, dictatorship, theocracy, monarchy, free enterprise, traditional economy, communist economy, socialist economy