Ch 32

Trade

• Find new Trade routes to Asia• Demand for goods• Expensive and difficult• Goods go through many hands and raise price

Route to Asia

• Portugal—Went around Africa• Columbus—West• Fame, Fortune and Adventure• Spread Christianity

Advances

• Cartography—map making---improvements in map

• Gerardus Mercator– Longitude and Latitude

• Improve Ships

Ship Improvement

• Carvals—small fast, easy to maneuver shallow bottom boats

• Triangular sails—take from Muslim • Uses wind no matter what direction• Better compasses• Astrolabe• Better Weapons

Portugal

• Prince Henry “the Navigator”• Not explorer• Sent out many expeditions• Creates schools for map making and sailing• Focus on Africa• 1488 Bartolommeo Dias 1st European to go

around tip of Africa

Portugal (con’t)

• 1497-Vasco de Gamma– Sea route to India– Crosses Indian Ocean– Arrives in Calicut in May 1498– Picks up Pepper and Cinnamon– Lost half ships and many crew die from hunger

and disease– Cargo pays for trip may times over

Portugal (con’t)

• Pedro Cabal– Sailed west to avoid calms– Reach east coast of Brazil– Claims for Portugal– Around Africa to Calicut– Signs trading treaty– Returns in 1501

Pedro Cabal (Con’t)

• Takes control of Ports and Spice Islands• Break Muslim and Italian control of Trade• 1500 Establish colonies in Brazil• Convert natives to Christianity• Work on sugar plantation• Natives die• Need labors• Take West Africans