Ch. 25 Important Information

• How did the crop rotation system that developed in Britain during the agricultural revolution increase crop yields?

• A) by allowing more land to rest• B) by increasing nutrients in the soil• C) by ensuring that more of the seeds that

were planted actually sprouted• D) by decreasing the amount of land used to

grow nutrient-depleting crops

• Answer:– B. By increasing nutrients in the soil

• Which of the following did NOT increase as an early result of the Industrial Revolution?

• A) urbanization• B) the size of the middle class• C) the length of the average work day• D) the life expectancy of the average worker

• Answer:- D – the life expectancy of the

average worker

• Who defended the free-market system of capitalism in the book, The Wealth of Nations?

• A) Adam Smith• B) John Stuart Mill• C) Jeremy Bentham• D) William Wilberforce

• Answer:- A – Adam Smith

• Nineteenth-century socialists argued that government should:

• A) leave the economy alone.• B) actively plan the economy.• C) destroy the economy.• D) allow the economy to be controlled by the

bourgeoise.

• Answer:» B. Actively Plan the Economy

• Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?

• A. protect the nation's industries from foreign competition

• B. establish minimum wages and maximum working hours

• C. give government complete control of the means of production

• D. refuse to interfere in either domestic or international economic matters

• Answer:• D. refuse to interfere in either domestic

or international economic matters

• Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter life span of those living in cities as opposed to those in the country?

• A. long working hours• B. illness caused by unhealthy living conditions• C. inadequate housing• D. excessive garbage

• Answer:– B. illness caused by unhealthy living

conditions

• How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?

• A. It created technology to clean them.• B. It made them lose valuable sources of food.• C. It made the population grow faster than the

housing supply.• D. It made the crime rate drop.

• Answer:– C. It made the population grow faster

than the housing supply.

• Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?

• A. abolition of slavery• B. women's rights• C. public education• D. all of the above

• Answer:D. all of the above

• What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?

• A. unions• B. strikes• C. collective bargaining• D. utilitarianism

• Answer:A. unions

• What was the Industrial Revolution?

• A. increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger fields

• B. increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the

• 18th-century• C. a widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers

who worked 14 hour days, 6 days a• week• D. increased populations of urban areas during the

1800s

• Answer:B. increased output of machine-made

goods that began in England during the18th-century

• Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?

• A. Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities.

• B. Enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners.

• C. Landowners experimented with new agricultural methods.

• D. All of the above are true.

• Answer:D. All of the above are true.

• What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?

• A. land, labor, capital• B. government, military, colonies• C. raw materials, natural resources, man-made

goods• D. road, railway, and water transport

• Answer:A. land, labor, capital

• What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurrred in 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?

• A. poor crop yields• B. industrialization• C. improved living conditions in cities• D. more efficient transportation systems

• Answer:B. industrialization

• How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?

• A. regarded highly• B. looked down upon• C. as equals• D. as outcasts

• Answer:B. looked down upon

• What is the laissez-faire policy?

• A. a policy that allowed labor to set working conditions based on votes on issues relevant to their industry

• B. a policy where labor created a committee to set working standards without interference from industry owners

• C. a policy that taught owners of industry how to set working conditions based on government standards

• D. a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference

• Answer:D. a policy that let owners of industry

set working conditions without governmentinterference