Ch 14.1 NotesCh 14.1 NotesPhysical Physical

Geography of Geography of EurasiaEurasia

The LandThe Land

Plains AreaPlains Area

The North European The North European PlainPlain center of economic life center of economic life

for ¾ peoplefor ¾ people Chernozem – rich Chernozem – rich

black topsoilblack topsoil Europe’s best Europe’s best

farmland - Ukrainefarmland - Ukraine

Major cities in N. Major cities in N. European PlainEuropean Plain

3 large cities3 large cities MoscowMoscow St. PetersburgSt. Petersburg KievKiev

Major rivers in N. European Major rivers in N. European PlainPlain VolgaVolga DniesterDniester DnieperDnieper DonDon

West Siberian PlainWest Siberian Plain

E. of Ural Mts.E. of Ural Mts. 1 million sq. mi.1 million sq. mi. Swamps, marshes Swamps, marshes

and frozen landand frozen land Not good for agNot good for ag

Evergreen and Evergreen and swamps cover N. swamps cover N. 2/3rds 2/3rds

Turan LowlandTuran Lowland

Between Caspian Sea & Tian Shan Mt. Between Caspian Sea & Tian Shan Mt. rangerange Kums – desert areas covered in sand Kums – desert areas covered in sand

dunesdunes

Kara kum - TurkmenistanKara kum - Turkmenistan

Black Sand desertBlack Sand desert

Kyzylkum – UzbekistanKyzylkum – Uzbekistan

Red sand desertRed sand desert

Mountains and PlateausMountains and Plateaus

Alpine system of Alpine system of EuropeEurope CarpathianCarpathian CaucasusCaucasus covered with treescovered with trees

Caucasus Mts.Caucasus Mts.

Borders Azerbaijan Borders Azerbaijan and Georgiaand Georgia

Mt. ElbrusMt. Elbrus

PamirsPamirs

Borders Eastern Borders Eastern TajikistanTajikistan

Communism Peak – Communism Peak – 24, 590 ft.24, 590 ft.

Tian Shan- Tian Shan- “heavenly mts.” in Chinese“heavenly mts.” in Chinese

KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan Some of the world’s Some of the world’s

largest glacierslargest glaciers

Ural Mts.Ural Mts.

1,500 miles1,500 miles Divides European and Divides European and

Siberian Russia/AsiaSiberian Russia/Asia Shortened due to Shortened due to

streams and wind streams and wind erosionerosion

Eastern Siberian UplandsEastern Siberian Uplands

Largest region of Largest region of SiberiaSiberia

forests, mts., plateausforests, mts., plateaus Extends to Pacific Extends to Pacific

OceanOcean

Central Siberian PlateauCentral Siberian Plateau

Between Yenisey and Between Yenisey and Lena RiverLena River

Seas and LakesSeas and Lakes

Northern RussiaNorthern Russia Barents & E. Siberian Barents & E. Siberian

SeaSea Ice covered most of Ice covered most of

yearyear Bearing & OkhotskBearing & Okhotsk

Seas and LakesSeas and Lakes

Bearing & OkhotskBearing & Okhotsk

S. RussiaS. Russia

Black SeaBlack Sea Warm waterWarm water Flows into the Flows into the

Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea through the through the Dardanelles Dardanelles

Middle RussiaMiddle Russia

Caspian SeaCaspian Sea Largest inland body Largest inland body

of waterof water salt water lakesalt water lake Shrinking due to Shrinking due to

less incoming waterless incoming water Aral SeaAral Sea

Shrinking due to Shrinking due to irrigation and poor irrigation and poor government laws government laws preventing itpreventing it

SiberiaSiberia

Lake BaikalLake Baikal Oldest and deepest Oldest and deepest

in worldin world 1/5 earth’s total 1/5 earth’s total

freshwaterfreshwater

RiversRivers

Long and navigableLong and navigable East flowingEast flowing

AmurAmur South flowingSouth flowing

Ural & VolgaUral & Volga North flowingNorth flowing

Lena, Ob, YeniseyLena, Ob, Yenisey Frozen much of yearFrozen much of year

Volga RiverVolga River

Longest in European Longest in European RussiaRussia 2,193 mi. long2,193 mi. long empties into Caspian empties into Caspian

SeaSea Frozen 4-6 monthsFrozen 4-6 months

ResourceResource Hydroelectric powerHydroelectric power municipal water supplymunicipal water supply industries & irrigationindustries & irrigation trade & trade &

communicationcommunication

Siberian RiversSiberian Rivers

AmurAmur only one that only one that

doesn’t flow Northdoesn’t flow North only major food only major food

producing area in producing area in E. SiberiaE. Siberia

4 Siberian rivers 4 Siberian rivers among 12 longest in among 12 longest in WorldWorld Lena, Ob, Yenisey, Lena, Ob, Yenisey,

& Irtysh& Irtysh

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

Rich in natural resourcesRich in natural resources Largest producer of manganese & chromiumLargest producer of manganese & chromium 22ndnd largest producer of gold largest producer of gold Coal & Lignite – Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine Coal & Lignite – Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

together have 20% of world’s supplytogether have 20% of world’s supply Tyumen oil field produces more oil in a day Tyumen oil field produces more oil in a day

other than the U.S. or Saudi Arabiaother than the U.S. or Saudi Arabia

Minerals & EnergyMinerals & Energy

Leads in coal, copper, silverLeads in coal, copper, silver 22ndnd in gold, lead, salt, tin, tungsten and zinc in gold, lead, salt, tin, tungsten and zinc Other minerals – iron ore, nickel, asbestos, Other minerals – iron ore, nickel, asbestos,

chromium, bauxite, antimony, manganese, precious chromium, bauxite, antimony, manganese, precious stonesstones

Turkmenistan has world’s largest deposit of sulfur Turkmenistan has world’s largest deposit of sulfur and sodium sulfateand sodium sulfate

Gas & oil in nearly all republicsGas & oil in nearly all republics Hydroelectric power – lead the world in productionHydroelectric power – lead the world in production

Minerals & EnergyMinerals & Energy

Soils, Forests, Wildlife, & FishSoils, Forests, Wildlife, & Fish

Black Earth BeltBlack Earth Belt Ukraine to SW SiberiaUkraine to SW Siberia Chernozem – in Ukraine made it the Chernozem – in Ukraine made it the

bread basket of the USSRbread basket of the USSR leading producer of wheat, rye, oats, leading producer of wheat, rye, oats,

barley, and sugar beetsbarley, and sugar beets ForestlandForestland

Belarus – ¼ covered in hardwood forestBelarus – ¼ covered in hardwood forest 1/5 world’s lumber supply1/5 world’s lumber supply

E. SiberiaE. Siberia

Siberian Tiger – endangeredSiberian Tiger – endangered

Other wildlife – bear, fox, reindeer, Other wildlife – bear, fox, reindeer, elk, lynx, deer, wolf, wildcat, sable, elk, lynx, deer, wolf, wildcat, sable, boar boar

FishFish SalmonSalmon Barents Sea – herring, cod, halibutBarents Sea – herring, cod, halibut Caspian Sea – carp, sturgeonCaspian Sea – carp, sturgeon