Today’s Plan

Review Questions :

What are 3 characteristics sponges have?

Asymmetrical, Reproduce sexually and asexually, have spikes, have collar cells, heterotrophs, no nervous system, or organs

1.) What did early biologists think sponges were? Plants 2.) Sponges belong to the Kingdom Animalia And the Phylum Porifera 3.) Sponges are Multicellular and Eukaryotic 4.) What type of symmetry do sponges have? Asymetrical 5.) What does sessile mean? Attached to some surface (does not move around)

6.) How do sponges get their food?

They filter their food from the water

7.) Water enters the sponge through the pores and leaves through the osculum.

8.) Tiny sponges growing from the main body of the sponge are called

BUDS

Kingdom = Anamalia

Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells. Organisms called cnidarians

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells. Organisms in phylum – cnidarians.

Silent C (ni dérree əns).

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells. Organisms in phylum – cnidarians.

Silent C (ni dérree əns).

Radial symmetry.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

jellyfish

hydra

Phylum Cnidaria – Stinging cells. Silent C (ni dérree ən).

Radial symmetry.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Phylum Cnidaria:

Jellyfish is a misnomer.

Phylum Cnidaria:

Jellyfish is a misnomer. They are not fish and do not even have a backbone.

Phylum Cnidaria: Jellyfish is a misnomer. They are not fish and do not even have a backbone.

Cnidarians have roamed the seas for over 500 million years (oldest multi-cellular creature)

Jellies don’t have a brain, central nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system, and they have an incomplete digestive system.

II. Cnidarians

A. Cnidarians are animals that have stinging cells and take their food into a hollow central cavity.

a. Examples are: jellyfish, sea anemone, coral, and hydra.

Very diverse phylum.

Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea pens) 6000 spp

Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp

Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral) 3000 spp

Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Very diverse phylum.

Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea pens) 6000 spp

Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral) 3000 spp

Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Very diverse phylum. Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea pens) 6000 spp

Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp

Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral) 3000 spp Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Very diverse phylum. Anthozoa (true coral, sea anemones, sea pens) 6000 spp

Cubozoa (box jellyfish) 20 spp

Hydrozoa (freshwater hydra, fire coral) 3000 spp

Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) 200 spp

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Comb Jellies belong to a different Phylum called Ctenophora.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Comb Jellies belong to a different Phylum called Ctenophora.

They are shaped differently and have cilia to propel themselves.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

D. How Cnidarians Feed a. All Carnivores

b. Cnidarians capture prey by using stingers to inject venom, and then use tentacles to pull the food into its mouth.

b. The food is then digested in the body cavity.

c. Because the cnidarians only have one opening the undigested food is expelled through its mouth.

Cnidarian Stinging Cells

Hydra eating a crustacean

Jelly fish and a trigger fish

b. Cnidarians also use their stinging cells to defend themselves

Australia’s Box Jellyfish : Most venomous animal on earth

A. Cnidarians have specialized tissues including muscle like tissues and nerve nets.

B. Cnidarian Body Plans

a. Have two different body plans

i. Both have radial symmetry

Body Structure

ii. The polyp body plan is shaped like a vase with a mouth opening on the top. iii. The polyp shape is adapted for life attached to an underwater surface.

iv. The medusa body plan is bowl shape and adapted for swimming.

E. Cnidarian reproduction

a. Cnidarians reproduce sexually and asexually.

b. For polyps, budding is the most common form of reproduction.

Bud

Corals reproduce by two methods:

1) asexually by budding , in which one polyp

splits to become two,

New growth is immediate and adjacent to

original colony

2) sexually by releasing sperm and eggs into

the water column ‘

The second method (shown below), a synchronized

release of sperm and eggs by a species of Montastrea.

III. Life on the Coral Reef A. Coral is a type of Cnidarian

a. Coral begins its life as a free swimming larva.

This is coral larvae. Notice how it changes from a shapeless larvae into tiny, tentacles corals within 24 hours of brooding.

b. The larvae attaches itself to a surface.

c.The polyp produces a hard skeleton around its soft body.

d. The coral polyp reproduces asexually.

e. Over time the animals die but their skeletons remain.

f. The mounds of skeletons form the coral reef.

Kingman Coral Reef

Notice all the different kinds of coral!

Now….

Cnidarian Assignment…. Read the Article

Answer the Questions Look back in article for answers