Cellular Respiration: Phase 1Glycolysis: It takes 10 enzymes, it takes 10 steps…

Essential Question(s)

1. How does cellular respiration enable heterotrophs to harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates?

Harvesting Stored Energy

Glucose

Redox in Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 6O2 ATP 6H2O 6CO2+ + +

glucose + oxygen energy + water + carbondioxide

resp

iratio

n

+ heat

oxidation

reduction

Overview of Cellular Respiration

Overview of Cellular Respiration

Overview of Cellular Respiration

Evolutionary Perspective of Glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis: Glucose Priming

Pi

3

6

4,5

ADP

NAD+

Glucose

hexokinase

phosphoglucoseisomerase

phosphofructokinase

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)

Dihydroxyacetonephosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate

Fructose 6-phosphate

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

isomerase

glyceraldehyde3-phosphatedehydrogenase

aldolase

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate(BPG)

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate(BPG)

1

2

ATP

ADP

ATP

NADHNAD+

NADHPi

CH2

C OCH2OH

P O

CH2 O P

OCHOH

C

CH2 O P

OCHOH

CH2 O POCH2OP

O

PO

CH2

H

CH2OHO

CH2 POO

CH2OH

P O

Glycolysis: Energy Harvest

7

8

H2O9

10

ADP

ATP3-Phosphoglycerate(3PG)

3-Phosphoglycerate(3PG)

2-Phosphoglycerate(2PG)

2-Phosphoglycerate(2PG)

Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)

Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)

Pyruvate Pyruvate

phosphoglyceratekinase

phosphoglycero-mutase

enolase

pyruvate kinase

ADP

ATP

ADP

ATP

ADP

ATP

H2O

CH2OH

CH3

CH2

O-

OC

PH

CHOH

O-

O-

O-

C

C

C

C

C

C

P

P

O

OO

OO

O

CH2

NAD+

NADHNAD+

NADH

G3PC-C-C-P

PiPi 6

DHAPP-C-C-C

Glycolysis: Electron Shuttles

Substrate-Level PhosphorylationH2O

9

10

Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)

Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)

Pyruvate Pyruvate

enolase

pyruvate kinaseADP

ATP

ADP

ATP

H2O

CH3

O-

OC

O-

CC

C

POO

O

CH2

Glycolysis: SummaryEndergonicInvest some ATP

ExergonicHarvest a little ATP and NADH

Net Yield+ 2 ATP+ 2 NADH

Energy Accounting of Glycolysis

2 ATP 2 ADP

4 ADP ATP4

2 NAD+ 2

glucose pyruvate2x6C 3C

Enduring Understandings1. Heterotrophs capture free energy present in carbon compounds

produced by other animals, and metabolize carbs, lipids, and proteins by hydrolysis.

2. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves a series of coordinated enzyme-catalyzed reactions that harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates.

3. Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and resulting in the production of pyruvate.

4. Different energy-capturing processes use different types of electron acceptors