Post on 01-Jan-2016
Cells to OrganellesMrs. Dillon’s Science Class
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use guidelines and are restricted from further use.
These are Organisms (living things)
Any Organism is Made Up OfOrgan Systems
An organ system is a group of organs that work together.
Click here to see how
joints work:
Digestive System
Cardiovascular System
Skeletal System (Front View)
Bone (anatomy) -- Media -- Encarta ® Online
Muscular System (Front View)
Interesting Fact about an Organ System
Your skeletal system is replaced every 7 years or so.
Organ Systems are Made Up of Organs
Skin (Cut View)
Heart LungsBrain
EyeLiver
Interesting Fact about an Organ
Your ______ is the largest organ of your body.It comprises about 12% of your total body weight. In other words, if you weigh 100 pounds, 12 of those 100 pounds come from your skin.Even your eyes are covered by a layer of skin.By the time you reach the age of 70, you will have shed over 40 pounds of dead skin cells. Think about holding 4 10-pound bags of potatoes. That’s how much skin you will lose by age 70.
skin
http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv16.html
This is a human hair and part of its root. What does it remind you of?
Photo by Student in 406, 2003Interesting Fact Source: http://www.innerbody.com/image/nerv16.html
“Did you know ?
The average person is believed to have over five million hairs growing on their body at the same time. Isn't it amusing to know that humans have just as many hair follicles as gorillas do? Hair color depends on amount of melanin (pigment). As we age, less melanin is formed and small air bubbles form, making the appearance look gray.”
Organs are made up of Tissues
A piece of an organ is a tissue.
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/cardiology/heart/photographs.html
Unhealthy Heart Tissue (enlarged)
Tissues are made up of Cells
BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organisms
Organelles
Interesting Fact about Cells
The human body has more than 75 trillion cells in it. If these cells were lined up around the Earth, they would circle the Earth more than 48 times!
Cells are made of Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
RibosomeLysosome
http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjh9u/lysosome.html
Test Yourself: Name the Organelles in a Plant Cell
3
2
6
4
1
5
7
8
9
10
11
Tissues are made up of Cells
BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Photo by Cameron R., Ms. Tresten’s Class, 2002
Tissues are made up of Cells
BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Cameron Reagon’s sample - 2002
Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)
Tissues are made up of Cells
BrainPOP - Health, Science, Technology Animation and Educational Site for Kids.
Photo by D Tresten, 2002
CELLS alive! James A. Sullivan
Chloroplast
ChloroplastVisible from Underlying Cell Layer
http://www.cellsalive.com/ecoli.htm
1. Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
If This is the cheek cell of a human, can you identify the organelles?
2.
3.
Which is a plant cell and which is a animal cell?How can you tell?
Where are the Chloroplasts in this Photo of Algae? (Photo by Kim Hugh, Ms. Tresten’s class, 2002)
View a Virtual Cell
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/
To see nucleus: http://www.life.uiuc.edu/cgi-bin/plantbio/cell/cell.cgi
Functions of Cell Organelles
• Read the “function clue.” • Write the name of the organelle
that has been described.• Click to check your answer.• Copy the function of each
organelle.
Function Clue #1
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
This structure looks like clear,
mashed-up Jello. It’s known as
the “living sea” of the cell
because it is the structure in
which all of the other structures “float” so that they don’t slam into each other.
Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1
Which structure is the “Living Sea” which separates organelles?
Cytoplasm
Molecular Expressions Digital Video Gallery: Amoeba (Protozoa) Video No. 1
See cytoplasm move:
Function Clue #2
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
These “mighty” organelles
give energy to the cell. They are the
“powerhouses” of the cells.
What are they?
Which structures are the “powerhouses” of cells?
Mitochondria
This structure is the “protector” of
cells. It is tough, stringy, and
surrounds plant cells ONLY. It acts
like a wall or a suit of armor. It is made of cellulose.
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Function Clue #3
Celery is made mostly of cellulose.
What is the “protector”?
Cell Wall
This structure is the “brain” or “boss” of
the cell. It “tells” the cell what to do: to reproduce, take
in water, take in food, make food
(plant cells only), etc.
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Function Clue #4
Which structure is the “brain” of the cell?
Nucleus
Function Clue #5This organelle is very
plasmatic (shape-changing). It allows food and water to
enter the cell easily, but it holds
the cytoplasm inside its
membrane. It’s like a fence.
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Which structure holds the “innards” in but keeps bacteria out?
Cell Membrane
This small, grainlike
structure is the protein producer of
the cell. Think of it as a tiny living
factory.
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Function Clue #6
LysosomeGolgi Body
Ribosome
Ribosome
Which structure is the “Protein Producer”of the cell?
Function Clue #7This is an organelle
that is ONLY in a plant cell. It is the
structure in which a plant cell makes its
own food (chlorophyll) with
the help of the sun (in a process known as photosynthesis).
CELLS alive! James A. Sullivan
Which organelle produces food for the cell?
This chloroplast is empty because it has not yet made
chlorophyll. Why not?
Chloroplast
Perhaps it is winter time, and the sun’s rays do not strike the Earth directly enough to provide enough energy for photosynthesis to occur.
Function Clue #8
This structure is the “pantry” of a cell.
It holds the food and water that
enter the cell through the cell
membrane. In a plant cell, these
structures tend to be very large.
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Which structure holds food & water like a pantry?
Vacuole
This maze of passageway
s carries proteins and
other materials
from one part of the cell to
another.
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Function Clue #9
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which structure is the “passageway” of the cell?
This structure acts as the pipeline
(distributors) of the cell. It receives materials from the
endoplasmic reticulum and sends them to
other parts of the cell. Works with
lysosomes.
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Function Clue #10
Lysosome
Golgi Bodies
Golgi Body
Which structure is the “Pipeline ” or “Distributor” of the cell?*
*These organelles could act as pipelines between the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, for example)
Plant Cell Organelles
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Function Clue #11
Lysosome
This structure acts as the garbage disposal of the
cell. It works with the Golgi bodies to break down “food” particles
and worn-out cell parts, and then release them
from the cell.
Lysosome
Which structure is the “Garbage Disposal” of the cell?
Organelle Functions
Protects cell from invaders (sun & insects)
Holds cytoplasm & allows food/water to enter/exit cell
Stores water & food
Gives energy to the cell
Gives instructions to the cell
Receive materials from E.R. and send them to
other parts of cell.
Chlorophyll (food) is made in this structure (through photosynthesis)
Passageway through which
materials in cell are moved
Safely holds all organelles
Breaks down food/worn-out cell parts and releases
them from cell
Learn the Function
Protects cell from invaders (sun & insects)
Holds cytoplasm & allows food/water to enter/exit cell
Stores water & food
Gives energy to the cell
Gives instructions to the cell
Receive materials from E.R. and send them to
other parts of cell.
Chlorophyll (food) is made in this structure (through photosynthesis)
Passageway through which
materials in cell are moved
Safely holds all organelles
Breaks down food/worn-out cell parts and releases
them from cell
Let’s concentrate on the nucleus next…
What’s in the Nucleus?
The nucleus contains chromatin.
Chromatin
Mitosis.ppt
What do Chromatin do?
Before one parent cell divides to become two cells, the chromatin coil and condense to become chromosomes.
CELLS alive!
BU WebCentral Learning: Flash - IntroductionSee chromatin become chromosomes:Mitosis.ppt
Genes
On the chromosomes are genes.
http://www.marfan.org/pub/newsletter/vol04/video.html
http://www.biosciences.bham.ac.uk/labs/minchin/tutorials/lgdna.html
Mitosis.ppt
DNA
In the genes is DNA, the message-giver of the cells.
Mitosis.ppt
http://www.psc.edu/science/Rosenberg/Rosenberg.html
Credits: Photographs
Permission from CellsAlive.ComContent on the CELLS alive! website is the property of Quill Graphics and is subject to international copyright laws. The site is provided as a free classroom educational resource to thousands of students and teachers each day and we encourage the use of the site and images in the classroom setting. However, any use outside the school classroom is restricted.
All photographs used in this presentation except this one were taken by Ms. Tresten or her
students during laboratory investigations of pond water. This
photograph was used by permission from CellsAlive.com
(James A. Sullivan). See permission below.
Credits: Clip Art
All clip art is used by permission from Microsoft Design Gallery.