ALICE CHERUBINI & MARTA SOAVE 2°DALICE CHERUBINI & MARTA SOAVE 2°D

INDICE:INDICE:* Introduction

* The Cells

* Specialised Cells

* Tissues

* Organs

* Organs Sistems

* Diffusion

* Osmosis

* Bibliography

There are two types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. The prokaryotic cell is simpler and smaller than a eukaryote cell,

lacking a nucleus and most of the other organelles of eukaryotes. There are two kinds of prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea which

share a similar structure.There are four kinds of eukaryotes: protists, fungi, plants, animals.

INTRODUCTIOINTRODUCTIONN

THE CELLSTHE CELLS

1. All organisms are made of cells

2. Unicellular

3. Multi-cellular

4. Animal cells and plant cells

5. Diffusion

Function of cells which animal and plant cells have in common

Part Function

Nucleus contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell

Cytoplasm most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes

Cell membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Mitochondria most energy is released by respiration here

Ribosomes protein synthesis happens here

Plant cells also have extra parts:Extra parts of plant cells

Part Function

Cell wall strengthens the cell

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Permanent vacuole filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

The different of animal and plant cells:

SPECIALISED CELLSSPECIALISED CELLS

Specialised animal and plant cells

Type of animal cell Function Special features

Red blood cells To carry oxygen Large surface area, for oxygen to pass through Contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen

Nerve cells To carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body

Long Connections at each end Can carry electrical signals

Female reproductive cell (egg cell)

To join with male cell, and then to provide food for the new cell that's been formed

Large Contains lots of cytoplasm

Male reproductive cell (sperm cell)

To reach female cell, and join with it

Long tail for swimming Head for getting into the female cell

Type of plant cell Function Special features

Root hair cell To absorb water and minerals Large surface area

Leaf cell To absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Large surface area Lots of chloroplasts

TISSUESTISSUES

1. Muscle

2. The lining of the intestine

3. The lining of the lungs

4. Phloem (tubes that carry dissolved sugar around a plant)

5. Root hair tissue (for plants to take up water and minerals from the soil)

ORGANSORGANS

1. Heart

2. Lung

3. Stomach

4. Brain

5. Leaf

6. Root

ORGANS SISTEMSORGANS SISTEMS

1. Circulatory system

2. Respiratory system

3. Digestive system

4. Nervous system

5. Reproductive system

6. Leaf canopy

DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION

Diffusion: The movement of particles (molecules or ions) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower

Examples of diffusion down concentration gradients Location Particles move From To

Gut Digested food products

Gut cavity Blood in capillary of villus

Lungs Oxygen Alveolar air space Blood circulating around the lungs

OSMOSISOSMOSIS

Water can move across cell membranes because of osmosis. For osmosis to happen you need:

• two solutions with different concentrations

• a partially permeable membrane to separate them

BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY

Focus on Sciencehttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/cells/cells1.shtml