Cells and Tissues

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Nuclear Membrane

Chromatin

Peroxisome

Lysosome

Smooth EndoplasmicReticulum

MitochondriaCell Membrane

Golgi Apparatus

Centrosome/Centriole

Nucleolus

Ribosomes (red dots)

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Cilia

Microtubule

Lysosome

Microtubule

Golgi Apparatus

Microvilli

Mitochondria

Centriole

Microtubule

FlagellaNucleus

Nuclear EnvelopeNucleolus

ChromatinRibosome

Organelle FunctionsOrganelle Location Function

Cell Membrane External boundary of the cell Confines cell contents; regulates entry and exit of materials

Lysosome Throughout cytoplasm Digests and breaks down old organelles

Peroxisome Throughout cytoplasm Breaks down toxic materials in the cell (alcohol)

Mitochondria Scattered throughout cell Energy powerhouse of the cell (ATP)

Golgi Apparatus Within cytoplasm Process lipids/proteins for export out of the cell

Centrioles 2 rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus made of microtubules Controls the spindle fibers during mitosis

Centrosome Consists of the 2 centrioles and a mass of proteins near nucleus

Form the spindle fibers during mitosis that pulls chromosomes apart

Smooth ER Within cytoplasm Synthesize lipids

Rough ER Flattened sacs near nucleus Synthesize proteins

Ribosomes Attached to Rough ER Synthesize proteins

Cilia Hair like structures on surface of cell membrane Movement

Microvilli Hair like structures on surface of cell membrane (smaller than cilia)

Increase surface area of the cell; involved in secretion and absorption

Microtubules Throughout cytoplasm; part of cytoskeleton; thick proteins Moves organelles inside the cell; form the spindles during mitosis; compose cilia, flagella, and centrioles

Microfilaments Throughout cytoplasm; part of the cytoskeleton; thin stringy proteins

Moves organelles inside the cell; also involved in muscle contraction

Nucleolus Within the nucleus Synthesis of ribosomes

Nucleus Near the center of the cell Contains the genetic information

Nuclear Envelope w/ pores External boundary of the nucleus Allows materials into and out of the nucleus

Knowing functions are not required on the lab, but are helpful when clues are given in the question

Movements through the membrane: Diffusion

Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration

No energy required

Movements through the membrane: Filtration

As blood flows through the capillary, smaller molecules are filtered out through tiny openings and larger molecules stay inside

Testing Solutions

Water Glucose Sucrose

Benedict’s Test(test for glucose)

Color change from blue to orange

Iodine Test(test for starch)

Color change from orange to dark purple

• Type of cell:

• Type of solution:

• Water is diffusing:

RBC

Isotonic

Into and out of RBC equally

• Type of cell:

• Type of solution:

• Water is diffusing:

Crenated RBC

Hypertonic

out of RBC faster

• Type of cell:

• Type of solution:

• Water is diffusing:

Lysed RBC

Hypotonic

Into RBC faster

• Phase:

• What is occurring:

Interphase

Nuclear envelope is visibleDNA replicationCell performs its normal job

Mitosis

• Phase:

• What is occurring:

Prophase

Nuclear envelope is disappearing

Chromosomes forming

Mitosis

• Phase:

• What is occurring:

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell

Mitosis

• Phase:

• What is occurring:

Anaphase

_______ are separating

Mitosis

• Phase:

• What is occurring:

Telophase Cytokinesis

Nuclear membrane reformsCell membrane forms

Mitosis

Tissues

Simple Squamous

• Location:

• Body Function:

Lungs, endothelium of capillaries

Diffusion, osmosis

Simple Cuboidal

• Location:

• Body Function:

Kidney tubules, glands, ovaries

Secretion, absorption

Simple Columnar

• Location:

• Body Function:

GI tract, uterus

Secretion, absorption, move sperm

Pseudostratified Columnar• Location:

Trachea

• Function:

Movement of fluids (mucous)

Stratified Squamous

• Location:

• Body Function:

Skin, mouth, anal canal, esophagus

Protection water loss, abrasion etc….

Transitional

• Location:

• Body Function:

bladder

Stretch

Connective Tissues

Loose Connective Tissue(Areolar)

Fibroblasts

Collagen Fibers Elastic Fibers

Reticular Fibers

Fat (adipose)

Nucleus

Adipocyte

Reticular

Reticular Fibers

Dense Regular

Nuclei of Fibroblasts

Collagen Fibers

Hyaline cartilage

MatrixChondrocytes

Lacuna (space occupied by cell)

Elastic Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Chondrocytes CollagenFibers

BoneOsteocytes

Central Canal

Blood

RBC

Platelets

WBC

Skeletal Muscle

• Location:

• Body Function:

Attached to Skeleton

Voluntary movement

Cardiac Muscle

• Location:

• Body Function:

Heart

Heart muscle contraction

Intercalated Discs

Smooth Muscle

• Location:

• Body Function:

Blood vessels, GI tract

Involuntary movement

Nervous tissue

• Location:

• Body Function:

CNS, PNS

Conduct nerve impulses