Post on 14-Apr-2017
Cell Phone Use While DrivingBy: Amanda Letoski & Joe Dorzinsky
Exploration: Cell Phone Use While Driving Facts •Cell Phone use while driving is common
but controversial. •Some jurisdictions have made the use of a
cell phone while driving illegal. •Others have enacted laws to ban
handheld mobile phone use, but allow use of a hands-free device.
Exploration: Cell Phone Use While Driving Facts • Handheld Cell Phones: 6 states (Calif., Conn.,
N.J., N.Y., Ore. and Wash.), D.C. and the Virgin Islands prohibit all drivers from using handheld cell phones while driving.
•All laws are primary enforcement—an officer may cite a driver for using a handheld cell phone without any other traffic offense taking place.
Exploration: Cell Phone Use While Driving Facts •All Cell Phone Use: No state bans all
cell phone use (handheld and hands-free) for all drivers, but many prohibit all cell phone use by certain drivers:
•School Bus Drivers: Bus drivers in 17 states and D.C. may not use a cell phone when passengers are present.
Exploration: Cell Phone Use While Driving Facts • Text Messaging: 23 states, D.C. and Guam ban
text messaging for all drivers. 18 states, D.C., and Guam have primary enforcement. In the other five, texting bans are secondary.
• Crash Data Collection: Many states include a category for cell phone/electronic equipment distraction on police accident report forms. Recently proposed federal legislation would require states to collect this data in order to qualify for certain federal funding.
Exploration: Cell Phone Use While Driving Facts • The National Safety Council announced today
that it estimates at least 28% of all traffic crashes – or at least 1.6 million crashes each year – are caused by drivers using cell phones and texting. NSC estimates that 1.4 million crashes each year are caused by drivers using cell phones and a minimum of 200,000 additional crashes each year are caused by drivers who are texting.
Questions •Overall Question: Is cell phone use while
driving a major problem today that should be strictly enforced?
•Research Question: Will the law on cell phone use while driving reduce accidents if it is strictly enforced?
•Research Hypothesis: Cell phone use while driving does cause accidents.
Related Factors•Factors that contribute to accidents:
▫Cell Phone Use▫Road Rage▫Changing the Radio▫Other – weather, passengers, not paying
attention•89% agreed with the law being put into
effect on cell phone use•71% included cell phone use as a
contributer to accidents
Data Collection •Target Audience: Random sample of 38
employees from FNCB & Olympus•Sampling Plan: Randomly distributed the
survey to business professionals •Summary of Respondents: Passed out 50
surveys, and received 23 back from FNCB and 15 from Olympus
•Method of Survey: Printed out survey and handed them out
Data Preparation-Survey •Have you ever been in a car accident?
Data Preparation-Survey • What is the number one cause of accidents today?
▫ (a) Road Rage (b) Cell Phone Use (c) Changing the Radio (d) All the above (e) Other______
Data Preparation-Survey Do you ever talk or text while driving?
How often would you say you use your cell phone while driving?
• (a) Yes (b) no • (a) always (b) sometimes (c) never
Data Preparation-Survey •What would you say you use your cell
phone for the most?
Data Preparation-Survey •Would you say that a lot of accidents are
caused by cell phone use?
Data Preparation-Survey •Do you agree with the current laws being
put into effect to eliminate people using their cell phones while driving?
First Hypothesis Test •Are more than half the accidents today
caused by cell phones? ▫Null: <=.50 More than half the accidents
today are not caused by cell phones.
▫Alt: >.50 More than half the accidents today
are caused by cell phones.
Are more than half the accidents today caused by cell phones? •Reject the null hypothesis
▫T- stat. > T – crit. ▫P value < -level ▫Therefore more than half the accidents are
caused by cell phone use.
One Sample Proportion Test hypothes
ized value
sample proport
ion xsample
size std error 0.50 0.74 28.00 38 0.08111
NULL : P<=.50 More then half of the accidents today are not caused by cell phonesALTERNATIVE: >.50 More then half of the accidents today are caused by cell phones
test statistic (obs)2.920 critical measure1.960 =NORMSINVone-tailed or two-tailed? 1
|obs| > critical?Yes
p-value 0.002 =(# of tails)*(1-NORMSDIST)-level 0.050
p-value < -level?YesReject
HYPOTHESIS TESTSfor the proportion
Second Hypothesis Test •Do more than half the people agree that
enforced laws on cell phone use while driving will reduce accidents?▫Null: <=.50 More than half the people do
not agree that enforced laws on cell phones will reduce accidents.
▫Alt: >.50 More than half the people do agree that enforced laws on cell phones will reduce accidents.
One Sample Proportion Test hypothe
sized value
sample propor
tion xsample
size std error 0.50 0.74 28.00 38 0.08111
NULL : P<=.50 More then half of the people do not agree that enforced laws on cell phones will reduce accidentsALTERNATIVE: >.50 More then half of the people agree that enforced laws on cell phones will reduce accidents
test statistic (obs)2.920 critical measure1.960 =NORMSINVone-tailed or two-tailed? 1
|obs| > critical?Yes
p-value 0.002 =(# of tails)*(1-NORMSDIST)-level 0.050
p-value < -level?YesReject
HYPOTHESIS TESTSfor the proportion
Do more than half the people agree that enforced laws on cell phone use while driving will reduce accidents?•Reject the null hypothesis
▫T- stat. > T – crit. ▫P value < -level ▫Therefore, More than half the people do
agree that enforced laws on cell phones will reduce accidents.
Simple Linear Regression Test• Is there a relationship between individuals that
think laws enforced on cell phone use while driving will reduce accidents and the percentage of effectiveness of the law?
•X = individuals that think laws on cell phone use while driving will reduce accidents
•Y = the percentage of effectiveness the law on cell phones will be if enforced
Simple Linear Regression•Null: There is not a relationship between
individuals that think laws enforced on cell phone use while driving will reduce accidents and the percentage of effectiveness of the law.
•Alt: There is a relationship between individuals that think laws enforced on cell phone use while driving will reduce accidents and the percentage of effectiveness of the law.
Simple Linear Regression Model SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression StatisticsMultiple R 0.821344105R Square 0.67460614Adjusted R Square 0.665567421Standard Error 0.258071855Observations 38
ANOVAdf SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 4.970782 4.970782 74.63515 0.00 Residual 36 2.397639 0.066601Total 37 7.368421
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%Intercept 0.180364614 0.076823 2.347801 0.02 0.024560794 0.336168 0.024560794 0.336168435Effective 1.187985655 0.137512 8.639164 0.00 0.909099113 1.466872 0.909099113 1.466872196
Simple Linear Regression •R squared = 67.46%•Standard Error = 0.26•Significance Level = 0.00•P-value = 0.02•Effective (x) = 1.18•Intercept (y) = 0.18 •The p-value is less than alpha (0.05)
Simple Linear Regression Conclusion• We will reject the null, that proves that
there is relationship between the people that agree with the law being enforced on cell phone use while driving and the % of effectiveness the law will be.
Effective Line fit Plot
Conclusions •Based on the tests, there were obvious
factors contributing to the fact that cell phone use while driving does cause accidents
•Therefore, enforced laws on cell phone use while driving will help reduce accidents caused by cell phones
Suggestions for Improving Study•Sample different ages•Survey different states•Survey different countries•Ask a question concerning who had an
accident due to the use of a cell phone?•Ask a question regarding location(city,
rural, etc.)
QUESTIONS??