Catalyst and filter systems

for EU6 and their recycling

Dr.-Ir. Egbert S.J. LOX Umicore N.V./S.A.

Government Affairs

Broekstraat 31

BE-1000 Brussels

Belgium

Take away’s

• Industry has proven over almost half a century it’s ability to generate the

technologies needed for meeting increasingly demanding emission limits

• Today’s vehicles have catalysts, electronic components and Li-ion batteries

that contain valuable metals that merit being recycled

• Recycling of emission control catalysts is a running business with overall

recycling efficiency depending today largely on how many of the end-of-life

catalysts are collected

• A substantial amount of the Platinum Group Metals needed for new

catalysts is already today supplied through this recycling activities

• Clean air and circular economy are economic activities with the potential to

create new jobs

(Source : C. Meskers IARC 2013)

The evolution of mobility

+ steel alloys & decoration + catalyst

1920s

1950s 1980s

Power

Style Clean

air

Intelligence

+ electronics

+ aux. electric motors

+ lightweighting

2000s > 2010

+ NiMH/Li-Ion battery

+ FC stacks

+ e-drives

Low

carbon

1900s

Mobility

Metals*

Pb Cu Cr

Al Zn Pt Pd

Rh Ce La

Ga In

Sb Sn

Fe

Au

Ag Ge

Sm

Pr Nd

Mg Dy Tb

Ni Co Li Ru

*list only indicative

Christina Meskers

13th International Automobile Recycling

Congress

March 13 – 15, 2013

Brussels

Historical evolution of catalytic aftertreatment for

Otto- and Diesel engines 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

(diesel) + NOx aftertreatment

(otto + diesel) + Particulate Numbers

(otto + diesel) + updated test cycles

(otto + diesel) + CO2 limits

(otto) CO & HC & NOx aftertreatment

(diesel) CO & HC & Particulate Mass aftertreatment

5

Control of CO & HC & NOx & PM & PN :

internal combustion engine powertrains

Automotive

catalysts and

catalytic filters

Materials for

electronics

TWC

TWC

Catalytic aftertreatment for Otto engines

Three Way Catalyst

Three way Catalyst

+ catalytic Gasoline

Particulate Filter

c-GPF

Real World road durability validation Otto engine with TWC + c- GPF Particulate Number over durability distance

1,0E+13

engine out fresh

2,2E+12

1,0E+12

3,4E+11 2,3E+11

4,6E+10 5,2E+10

8,6E+10

5,0E+12

500 km 50 Kkm 100 Kkm 160 Kkm Engine out

@160 Kkm

1,0E+11

1,0E+11

PN EU6c

Pa

rtic

lua

tes N

ED

C [

#/k

m]

NSC cDPF

DOC cDPF SCR

Urea

DOC

Urea DPF SCR

DOC SDPF

Urea

EU

6c/E

U7 /

RD

E

LE

V III

Urea

SDPF SCR NSC

light

Urea

SCR SDPF NSC

DiAir-

NSC cDPF

Di-Air

SCR NSC cDPF

Catalytic aftertreatment for Diesel engines

Incre

asin

g V

ehic

le W

eig

ht

/ N

Ox

Em

issio

ns

9

Real Driving requirements guide especially

Diesel aftertreatment system development

Source : B. Krutsch, Minox 2012

Steady growth in European LDV production

. . . but significant growth in catalyst demand . . .

10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Mill

ion

s

LDV Production Catalyst Demand

Estimated catalyst demand LDV production

11

Control of CO & HC & NOx & PM & PN

& CO2 : hybrid powertrains

Automotive catalysts &

catalytic filters

Components for

electronics

Battery materials

Autocatalyst

Pt Pd

Rh Ce La

In Pd Ga

Sb Sn

Au

Ag Ge

Electronics

Cu Ni Co

Rechargeable

battery

disassembly export 15 years

Closing the loop in automotive components

takes time … (source ARN report 2013)

14

Refining

Shredding

Collection

Smelting

Dismantling

Recycling is a chain, not a single process

Number of actors

in European market

1,000’s

100’s

~ 10

10,000’s

High metallurgical recovery

rates are useless if collection is

poor, or metals are lost during

dismantling & shredding

Final step: smelting & refining of

scarce metals (PGMs, PMs, etc.)

global market

Consumption of PGM for autocatalysts (‘000 tr.oz.)

15

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013(extrapto 4/Q's)

without recycling including recycling EU without recycling

EUR3 EUR4 EUR5

without recycling with recycling

New pilot unit recycling, Hoboken, Belgium

New production site automotive catalysts

Bad Säckingen, Germany

Production expansion automotive catalysts

Florange, France

Thanks to many colleagues for valuable

input and

Thank you for your

attention !