Post on 12-Jan-2016
description
Cartography, Map Production and GeoVisualization
Geog 176BLecture 10: Longley Chapters 12,13
Visual Variables: Bertin
Quantitative Qualitative
Map Types: Point Data
• Reference
• Topographic
• Dot
• Picture Symbol
• Graduated Symbol
• Multivariate symbol
Reference & Topo Map
Simple Dot Maphttp://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/
Picture Symbols/Icon Maphttp://tabi.joy.ne.jp/h-tokachigawa/icon/map.gif
Graduated Symbol Source: Dent
Multivariate Symbol: Chernoff FacesSource: Eugene Turner, Dan Dorling
Map Types: Line Data
• Network
• Flow
• Isopleth
• Reference
Network Mapshttp://www.360.net
http://www.luxembourg.co.uk/pics/railnetw.jpg
Flow Map: Europe Internet Trafficwww.cybergeography.org/atlas/census.html
Isoline (isobar)
Map Types: Area Data
• Choropleth
• Dasymetric
• Area qualitative
• Stepped surface
• Hypsometric
• Reference
Area Qualitative Maphttp://www.townofbrighton.org/
Stepped Surface
Hypsometric
Choropleth Mapping
Fields and Regions
2D Web Cartography
• HTML embeds PNG, JPEG and GIF
• Animation possible with GIF
• Drawing extensions with SVG (XML)
• Otherwise, need JAVA or FLASH
• GIS data can be web enabled with on-line products such as Arc/IMS and GeoMedia Web Map, MapInfo Envinsa
• Map open source tools
Map Types: Volume Data
• [Isopleth, Stepped Surface, Hypsometric]
• Gridded fishnet
• Realistic perspective
• Hill-shaded
• Image map
2.5D Methods
Hill shading
DOQ/Vector integration
Oakland: Integration of Hi-Res Imagery
2.75D Anaglyphic stereo
Map Types: Time
• Multiple views
• Animation– Moving map– Fly thru– Fly by
Animations
3D Web Cartography
• Unload interaction functions to web client• Build and make visible 3D models• VRML established as 3D web equivalent
of HTML• GeoVRML is geographically enabled
VRML• GML, X3D now available
(Geo)VRML• Public domain Web tools (CosmoCreate and Player)• Works for both immersive and passive displays• Symbolization at feature level, any dimension object• Integrated environment to develop, test and distribute
cartographic methods• Combine traditional cartographic portrayal techniques,
animation, and 3-dimensional display• Importance of nodes and georeferencing Worlds
(GeoVRML 1.0)• Incorporates visual field depth via proximity sensor and
zoom
CosmoWorlds VRML Authoring Package
VRML Object modeling
VRML: Worlds
World plus texture
Dibiase: Public/Private
EDA/Scientific Visualizationwww.ais.fraunhofer.de/NWEnglandAnalysis.gif
Professional map publishing
Avenza, ArcPress etc.