Post on 22-Apr-2015
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Institut d’Informatique de Gestion
CARES: Computer-Aided Requirements Engineering Software
Requirements Specification with BPMN 2.0 in WTO procurement Prof. Florian Evéquoz, Daniel Hadrian HES-SO Valais // Wallis, 2014 HES-SO Master Lausanne
Institut d’Informatique de Gestion
Overview • Context: Public Procurement
– Regulations – Appeals, costs – Problem: specify the need à RS
• Requirements specification (RS) – comprehensiveness, completeness, reduce ambiguity – avoid extra cost – business context – assessment and evaluation
• CARES Methodology – Innovation by using business processes as a foundation (systematic,
business oriented) – Incorporate literature and best practices
• Prototype • Conclusion & Perspectives
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CONTEXT: PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
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Context: Public procurement
• Regulations: – Threshold values for public expenditure
• 150’000 – 250’000 – Equity of treatment – Fair use of public funds – Transparency
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REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
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Known issues in public procurements
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Quelle: Peter Fischer, Delegierter ISB
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What happens with bad specification?
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How to deal with public procurements
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Public procurement Call for bids
Decision
Nee
d
Nee
d sa
tsifi
ed • Specify the
whole need
• Specify the requirements
• Validate requirements
• Select a procedure
• Evaluate the bidders
• Check legal aspects
• Evaluate the bidders
• Decide
• Appeals
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What is a good Requirements Specification • Comprehensive and complete to avoid extra cost • No ambiguity
– validated by business users – used by IT-specialists
• Allows the precise assessment and evaluation of the bids – To ensure quality in the decision process – To avoid appeals – To evaluate the product
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CARES METHODOLOGY
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Methodology for RS
Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
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Why start with business processes?
• Allow the business users to validate the requirements
• Make sure the whole need is specified • Use BPMN
– International standard for process documentation – Bridge the gap between business and IT people
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Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
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Why start with business processes?
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Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
Inventory (Process landscape)
Services
Processes
Sub-Proceses
The first level gives an overview of the domains of activities (inventory of services).
Services are delivered by processes.
The second level gives details on each service group of the inventory.
The third level show the end-to-end process delivering the service selected on the second
level The fourth level show all details and
complexity of the process selected on the third level.
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How to specify requirements?
• Systematically review the processes • Add requirements on
– processes (global requirements) – shapes (functional requirements) – messages (mostly non functional requirements)
• Use a standardized phrase pattern
à Business user do it themselves
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Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
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How to specify requirements?
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Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
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Weight requirements
• Common understanding between users of the importance of the requirements
• Foundation for the evaluation – The evaluation scale is public – Guarantees the equity of treatment
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Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
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Use a standard template
• Using the same template allows: – systematization for the writers of the RS – the bidders to familiarize easier and faster with the
documents
• Our template is based on the recommendations of – IEEE 830-1998 recommended practice for software
requirements specifications – IEEE 1233-1998 Guide for Developing System
Requirements Specifications
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Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
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Modified IEEE Recommended Practices template
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Model business processes
Specify requirements
Weight requirements
Consolidate in a template
• Introduction – Purpose – Scope – Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations – References – Overview *
• Overall description – Product perspective* CONVERSATION DIAGRAMS FOR SYSTEM PERIMETER – Product functions* PROCESS MAPS – User characteristics – Constraints – Assumptions and dependencies
• Specific requirements* END-TO-END PROCESSES – End-to-end process 1 “Name of the Process”
• Use-case 1 “Name of the use-case” • Use-case 2 “Name of the use-case”
– End-to-end process 2 “Name of the Process” • Use-case 1 “Name of the use-case” • Use-case 2 “Name of the use-case”
– Etc.
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PROTOTYPE
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Concept of «CARES»
• CARES: Computer Aided Requirements Engineering Software: – Supports the methodology – Simplifies communication – Guides the user in the process of gathering,
specifying and weighting requirements – Allows for traceability of requirements
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Concept of «CARES»
Business user
BPMN
Process documentation
Procurement documents
Project manager
IT-Specialist
non-functional requirements
& weights
Monitoring / QS
Functional requirements
& weights
GUI DB
BPMN
Process documentation
CARES
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Information architecture
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Projects Requirement Manager Collaborator Learn
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projects
Project 1 Project 2 New Cares Project
Add New Files Process Files Requirement
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Details
BPMN process with requirements specified Requirements in
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Folders
Selected by default
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Information architecture
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Information architecture
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Projects Requirement Manager Collaborator Learn Cares Trash
Selected by default
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Share Approval Comments Live discussion Customize
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Demo
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CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES
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Validation
• Informal validation of the methodology has been carried out in real projects – Canton Bern – Canton Basel-Stadt – City of Lucerne
• Procurement process using the methodology successful (incl. no appeals)
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Perspectives
• Business model
• Further development
• Searching for business partners
• Target private corporations as well as the public sector
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Thank you
Contact Prof. Dr. Florian Evéquoz Technoark 3 3960 Sierre florian.evequoz@hevs.ch
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