Transcript of Career decision-making Jukka Lerkkanen. Guidance and counseling offer the possibility for students...
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- Career decision-making Jukka Lerkkanen
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- Guidance and counseling offer the possibility for students to
explore realities and opportunities for their future. Guidance and
counseling services are organized by self- help, brief assisted or
individual case managed services. The guidance and counseling
process will enhance clients empowerment in making decisions
concerning their life. (Lerkkanen 2012). The aim is to support
clients plans and choices that enhance hope, responsibility and
independence by improving their decision-making process. Guidance
and counseling
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- 1.Several solutions exist. 2.There is a dependence on internal
and external variables. 3.There is some uncertainty about the
result. 4.The solutions are very meaningful for life. Educational
and Career choice problems
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- How clear is the goal? How much risk is included in transition?
How much guidance and counseling is needed in transition? What kind
of transition situations exist in Following Pictures?
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- Berliini, Tiergarten
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- There are many methods to clarify needs: Initial interview
Conversation with guidance and counseling practitioners Information
about needs for support in former studies Willingness for guidance
Holland Hexagon model Need assessment measure Needs assessment
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- The Bridge model for the career decision- making process is
based on the CIP Pyramid and the CASVE Cycle (Peterson, Sampson,
& Reardon, 1991) The Bridge model includes a Needs Assessment
Measure (based on Career Thought Inventory; Sampson, Peterson,
Reardon & Lenz, 1996) and exercises which help students to
become more effective career decision makers The Bridge model for
career decision making
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- Execution Valuing Synthesis Analysis Communication Im choosing
my next education I have reached my goals Jukka Lerkkanen 04/2009
Self-knowledge Occupational knowledge
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- 11 Screening Screening is key to the success of differentiated
service delivery Screening avoids Overserving high readiness young
people and adults with costly individualized interventions that are
not needed Underserving low readiness young people and adults with
inadequate interventions from staff who are unaware of the
substantial needs of the young person or adult
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- 12 Screening Screening provides staff with a better chance to
cost-effectively meet the needs of young people and adults in
career centers and schools Screening also helps to better allocate
staff resources staff will be able to serve more young people and
adults, or spend more time with young people and adults with
substantial needs
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- There is an obvious requirement for needs assessment, because
the needs are individual, there are different kinds of steps of
life-span, even during higher education studies, and, there could
be different kinds of needs in guidance and counseling content
areas: guidance and counseling for learning, guidance and
counseling for choosing a career, and guidance and counseling for
supporting personal growth Needs assessment
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- Negative career thoughts are measured by the CTI related to
readiness for career decision-making and problem-solving (Sampson
et.al 2004) Readiness for career decision-making indicates the need
for guidance and counseling (Sampson et.al 2004, Lerkkanen 2002,
2009, 2010, 2011) Needs assessment
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- The author has created readiness measures for compulsory
education, high-schools, upper secondary vocation and in addition
for adults in different life situations (unemployment, career
change planners, adult education). The items are more
contextualized and they have been created for different target
groups compared to the original CTI Three factors: Decision-Making
Confusion, External Conflict, and Commitment Anxiety Needs
assessment
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- Execution Valuing Synthesis Analysis Communication Im choosing
my next education I have reached my goals Decision-Making Confusion
Commitment Anxiety External Conflict Jukka Lerkkanen 04/2009
Self-knowledge Options knowledge
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- The client has not proceeded in his or her decision making
process. The client may have difficulty in finding his or her
options. The client may not be interested in searching for his or
her options. The client wants to consider his or her choice, The
client has a lack of required information, The client has a lack of
self-knowledge, The choice situation is too complex even to begin
The educational or career choice is meaningless to the client
Related to Self-knowledge and Options Knowledge and as well as
Communication, Analysis, and Synthesis phases Decision-Making
Confusion (DMC)
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- The choice is depended on opinions of the closest ones or some
other external aspects. Fear of disagreeing with other family
members Dependence on opinions of significant others Fear of being
a looser in their social context Economical factors Health factors
Social factors Related to the Valuing phase External Conflict
(EC)
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- The client has a lot of opportunities. The client has so many
possibilities that it is difficult to make solutions Unable to
limit choices to 1-2 options, Need to find the perfect choice
Anxious that the client will miss some good option. Related to
Self-knowledge and Options Knowledge, as well as the Execution
phase Commitment Anxiety (CA)
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- 20 Differentiated Service Delivery Instead of one level of
service for all, three levels of service are needed to meet
individual needs ranging from those who are: self-motivated and
able to learn successfully on their own suffering from low
readiness for decision- making who need substantial assistance to
successfully learn
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- 21 Differentiated Service Delivery The three levels of service
include Self-help services for young people and adults with high
readiness for decision making Brief staff-assisted services for
young people and adults with moderate readiness Individual
case-managed services for young people and adults with low
readiness
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- individual case managed services 26% self-help services 22%
brief-assisted services 39% external network 13% Needs for
information, guidance and counseling services (Upper secondary
school 2008, N=241)
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- External Network Execution Valuing Synthesis Analysis
Communication Im choosing my next education I have reached my goals
Decision Making Confussion Commitment Anxiety External Conflict
Self-help services Brief-assisted services Individual case- managed
services Jukka Lerkkanen 04/2009 Self-knowledge Options
knowledge
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- Example in Finnish www.ohjaustarvearvio.fi
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- 1.Communication = create the relationship, identify the gap
Discussion about: how are you, hobbies, what brings you here today
Agreement of working together: how do we work, what is the purpose,
confident Homework: Measuring the readiness for career
decision-making Client version
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- 2. Analysis = the existing / needed information What
educational/vocational options you have? (Bridge- model) What do
you have already done for reaching your goals? What kind of
experimental knowledge do you have concerning your goals? Homework:
Gathering more information about those choices which the student
has prioritized Client version
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- 3. Synthesis = narrowing / expanding What kind of information
do you find about those choices which you have prioritized What
options do you want skip now ?/ What options are interesting, but
you want to know more Homework: Show the list of options to your
family and discuss what are their opinions Client version
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- 4. Valuing = final prioritizing What were the options of your
family The beginning of matrix exercise Homework: Finishing the
matrix exercise: gather more detailed information, make the
evaluation between the options, discuss with your family concerning
the results. Client version
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- 5. Execution = implementation of the choice The plan for
implementation The needed support The follow-up Homework: Implement
your choice and report how do you have managed to do it Client
version
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- Decision-Making Confusion 0,931 Commitment Anxiety 0,877
External Conflict 0,748 Total Score 0,943 N=1835, second year
students in Upper Secondary Vocational Education in Jyvskyl and
Tampere area (Lerkkanen, 2012) Reliabilities of need assessment
measure (Cronbachs alpha)
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- Thank you! More information: jukka.lerkkanen@jamk.fi