Post on 04-Jun-2018
8/13/2019 Canada; Aboriginal Issues; Treaties
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Aboriginal People in Canada
• Introduction
•Terms
• Stereotypes, Biases and Misconceptions
• Relationships: Historical and Otherwise
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Relationships: Historical and Otherwise
HISTORIC
• French
• English• Militaries
• Economic
– Fish & Fur• Evangelism
• Current
In no
particularorder
CURRENT & FUTURE
• Demographics
– 1 in 5• CF Programs
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• “Aboriginal people think alike” SBM
Aboriginal People in Canada Stereotypes, Biases, Misconceptions of Aboriginal People
• Aboriginal People are so diverse in their make-up, beliefs,
politics, geographic areas, languages, customs, and culture
and are spread across the entire breadth and length of
Canada.
Fact
Homogeneity
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• “Aboriginal people live on reserves” SBM
Aboriginal People in Canada Stereotypes, Biases, Misconceptions of Aboriginal People
• Aboriginal People live in all areas of Canada. In fact, most
stay off reserve.
Fact
Location
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• “Aboriginal people don't pay taxes” SBM
Aboriginal People in Canada Stereotypes, Biases, Misconceptions of Aboriginal People
• Aboriginal People do pay taxes
• Inuit, Métis, and non-status Indians are required to paytaxes
• Generally, First Nation individuals must pay income tax if
they work off-reserve
• Provincial Tax – depends on province
• GST – if or if not delivered to a reserve
• White Card
Fact
Taxation
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• “Warrior, Savage, Princess” SBM
Aboriginal People in Canada Stereotypes, Biases, Misconceptions of Aboriginal People
• Romanticization - The Indian Princess, Native Warrior and
Noble Savage• Hollywood and Media
Fact
Portrayals
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Aboriginal People in Canada
• Introduction
•Terms
• Stereotypes, Biases and Misconceptions
• Relationships: Historical and Otherwise
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On & Off Reserve
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
On Re se rve Of f Re se rve Of f Re se rve -
Urban
Off Reserv e -
Rural
NAI
Métis
Inuit
Off Reserve
Urban & Rural
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Pop by Province
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
BC AB SK MB ON QC MAR NW-YK NVT
NAI
Métis
Inuit
Western Canada = 377,375 or 62% of NAI plus 210, 810 or 72% of Métis
Total of 588,185 or approx 60% of Canada’s Aboriginal population
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Pop. By Cities
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
Van Vic Edm Cal Sask PA Reg Win Tbay Tor Ham Ott Mon Hal
NAI
Métis
Inuit
Western Connection
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Demographic Bullets
• Aboriginal share of total population on the rise
• Aboriginal population much younger than the non-Aboriginalpopulation, but is aging
• One-quarter of Aboriginal people could conduct a conversation in an Aboriginal language
• Aboriginal children less likely to live with both parents
• Highest concentrations of Aboriginal population in the North and onthe Prairies
• About one-half of Aboriginal people lived in urban areas
--2001 Census
Location
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Politically - Nationally
Assembly
Of First
Nations
Congress
of Aboriginal
People
InuitTapiriit
Kanatami
Métis
National
Council
• Who represents who?
• Who represents Aboriginal people in the
urban areas?• Where do Aboriginal members in uniform
fit in?
NativeWomen's
Association
of Canada
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CF Aboriginal Portfolio
• NNEP (1971)
• Bold Eagle (1989)
• CFAEP (PRTC)
• STP-ATI• RAVEN
• ALOY (2008)
• Air Force?
• More?
First Nations
BC Native People
North of 60
“Proximity ofCommunity”
First Nations Youth
Nations of the East
Canadian Rangers (large %)
Canadian Junior Rangers
Aboriginal Advisory & Awareness functions
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Terms: First Nations
• First Nations or “Indians”
• Approx. 633 First Nations bands
• Represent 52 nations or cultural groups and 50languages
• Each nation has own spirituality, traditionalpolitical structure, and history
• General rule: most individuals prefer to bereferred to by the specific nation to which theybelong (Cree, Ojibwa, Dene, Sioux, etc.)
• Assembly of First Nations
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Terms: Métis
• Who is Métis?
• Mixed native/non-native blood
• Métis National Council• Who were they traditionally?
• Are they a unique culture?
• Rebellion or Resistance?
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Terms: Status
• Earlier times – people who followed the Indian
way of life were accepted as Indians.
• 1850 bloodline requirement prescribed – whocould occupy reserve lands
• Federal government determines who is status
• Bill C-31
• Enfranchisement
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Identities Imposed by State
• Status Indian
• Treaty Indian
• Métis
• Non-Status Indian• Bill C-31
• Off Reserve/On Reserve
• Aboriginal
• First Nation
• Inuit
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Aboriginal Languages
Language
Groups
Language
Groups
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Language Groups
• Algonquian – Largest in Canada – Cree (19 dialects), Ojibwa (7 dialects), Mi’kmaq
• Eskimo-Aleut
• Athabaskan
– Dëne Su,łiné, Chipewyan, Slave(y), Dogrib, Carrier, etc. • Siouan – Dakota/Sioux, (5 major dialects in Canada)
• Salish family – has ten languages centered in British Columbia
• Tsimshianic languages – located in northwestern British Columbia.
Language
Groups
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Language Groups
• Iroquoian family – Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora
• Wakashan family – spoken principally on Vancouver Island
• Language isolates – Haida (Queen Charlotte Islands), Ktunaxa, spoken in the Canadian
Rockies in southeastern British Columbia; Tlingit, spoken in the Yukonand British Columbia (N.B.: Tlingit is now widely believed to be verydistantly related to Athabaskan), and Beothuk which was spoken inNewfoundland until its extinction in 1829.
• Contact languages
– Michif - unique to Canada’s Métis, who are (mostly) descendants fromCree or Ojibwa women and French Canadian fur trappers. Thislanguage uses Plains Cree words and grammar for its verbs, andFrench words and grammar for its nouns.
Language
Groups
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