Post on 22-Nov-2014
description
California Local Energy Assurance Planning
(CaLEAP) Program
California Energy Commission
Energy Strategies Workshop June 24, 2013 (Irvine)
June 25, 2013 (Oakland)
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Welcome CaLEAP Overview Energy Disruptions - Lessons Learned Microgrid Fundamentals
– Case Studies
Implementation Processes, Technologies and Systems
Facilitated Discussion Next Steps
Agenda
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Workshop Format – Presentation and Interactive (Informal) – Recorded – WebEx protocols
Workshop Objective(s) – Provide update on CaLEAP program – Present
Cost-effective, advanced technology strategies Business cases for implementation of strategies
Welcome
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Partnership between CEC and Subcontractors – Team Introductions
Voluntary Pilot program to Increase Energy Resiliency Builds on work done by DOE and others All hazards approach
– Focus on effect; not cause
Encourage comprehensive planning Leverages existing planning efforts
CaLEAP Overview
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Identifying projects/actions to ensure energy to “key assets” needed to provide/sustain local government
essential services in response to and recovery of emergencies
CaLEAP Goal
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Demonstrate how to: – Prepare Energy Assurance Plans or – Incorporate energy assurance in other planning efforts
Present new and evolving energy technologies Awareness of
– Community Profile – Energy Profile – Hazards – Dependencies/Interdependencies – Assets
Building public and private partnerships
CaLEAP Objective
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Incorporating Energy – Expanded Planning Team – Energy consideration
Local Awareness – Energy Profile – Hazards
Identify Key Assets Assess Vulnerabilities Identifying Solutions
– Actions/Projects
CaLEAP- Methodology
4. EAP Implementation & Maintenance
Training
Exercises
Review & Update the EAP
3. Finalize EAP
EAP Review
EAP Approval
Adopt & Disseminate the EAP
2. Develop Your Energy Assurance Plan (EAP)
2a.Understand Your Situation
Present Community Profile Overview
Build Community Energy Profile
Understand Your Energy Interdependencies & Dependencies
Build Your All Hazards Profile
Understand Your Emergency Framework
Identify Key Assets
2b.IdentifyGaps
Assess Threats & Hazards
Determine Vulnerabilities
Validate Your Situation (2a)
2c. Assemble Actions & Projects
Develop Specific Energy Assurance Objectives
Identify Actions & Projects
Identify Actions & Projects Resources
Prioritize Actions & Projects
1. Form Your Team
Designate EAP Coordinator
Identify EAP Working Group
Create EAP Vision & Mission
Incorporate into and Leverage from Your Existing Plans
EAP UPDATES
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Driven by: – Methodology
Input from: – Advisory User Group – Select Stakeholders – Strategic Partners
Allows: – Start to finish or section by section – Import/Export of Data – Future expansion/enhancements – Virtual office/available via the web
CaLEAP- Planning Tool
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Group and one-on-one meetings – In person and conference calls
Workshops Subject matter experts
– Project Management/Planning – Emergency Management – Current and Evolving Energy Technologies – Risk Assessment – Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Help identify public-private partnerships LEAP document review
Project website (www.caleap.org)
CaLEAP- Technical Support
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Sept. 8, 2012 San Diego Outage
Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned
Power out to 7 million people in southern California, Baja and Arizona Gridlock ensued minutes after the outage 70 elevator rescues, many people trapped for 3+ hours Emergency communications overwhelmed in first 30-60 minutes Scripps Mercy hospital without power for 90 minutes due to generator failure Gas pumps inoperable without electricity
Outage in Downtown San Diego
Impact Summary • $100M in economic losses • 3.5 million gallon sewage spills • Schools and Universities closed the
following day
Key Lesson Learned Critical facilities and infrastructure should be identified, prioritized, and protected for resiliency
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April 2013 PG&E Substation Sabotage
Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned
Coordinated communications and transformer attack on grid backbone for Silicon Valley First phase of attack cut 2 underground fiber optic communication lines In Phase 2, multiple shooters targeted and hit 10 of 11 large 500 kV transformers Surveillance cameras, buffer zone, access controls did not deter attackers
Preliminary Impact Assessment • Confidential NERC alert issued • Knowledgeable attackers • Surveillance before attacks • Police response monitored • Critical substation targeted
Key Lesson Learned Electric infrastructure at risk for physical and cyber attacks from knowledgeable attackers
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Hurricane Irene
Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned
A Whole Foods market in Connecticut, the first grocery store in the US to install a fuel cell, was able to keep its coolers running during Hurricane Irene.
Other stores followed suit, with Wal-Mart's 26 fuel cell installations, including those in Hemet and Lancaster, generating 65,000 MWhs of electricity annually
Key Lesson Learned Distributed generation furthers local energy resiliency
Hurricane Irene: Downed power lines
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Northridge Earthquake
Energy Disruptions- Lessons Learned
Key Lesson Learned Worst case electric outages last for 4 weeks. Gas and water restoration times are similar.
• Northridge was a 6.7 magnitude earthquake ($20B in losses)
• Shakeout is an estimate for a Los Angeles area 7.8 quake
Source: Potential Impacts to Water and Electric Services from a M7.8 Southern San Andreas Earthquake. H. David Nahai, CEO and GM, LADWP
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Microgrid Fundamentals “A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A
microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode”
Microgrid Exchange Group Definition
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Case Study 1 Microgrid Provides Energy Resiliency
In 2011, Connecticut utilities and regulators evaluated grid hardening options following wide spread outages caused by Hurricane Irene and a severe snowstorm.
Options considered included microgrids with 1 or 2 generators, and undergrounding of electrical distribution lines
Business Case Results – No “one size all” solution – Cost effective solutions included:
Microgrids Undergrounding of electric distribution lines Multiple backup generators
– Non-emergency use of generators key to cost effective solutions – Combined Heat and Power generators and non-emergency market
sales may improve economics
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Case Study 2 Fortune 25 Corporate Campus
Net Zero Facility Implemented using best practice system engineering
methodology Thorough business cases (peak shaving; freq reg, etc.) Powered with 100% renewable energy (PV, biogas, etc.)
Test Program
Design and Implement Requirements Use Cases
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Microgrid Business Values Achieve business continuity with a system that pays for itself and supports environmental stewardship
Net Zero Facilities • California Environmental Quality
Act AB900 • Minimum 30% reduction in energy
use • Minimum 35% reduction in water
use • Reduce drive miles for employees
Revenue Opportunities • Peak load shaving reduces demand
charge, lowers utility bill • Energy and ancillary services sold via
CAISO markets • Resiliency lowers lost productivity
during outages
Microgrid
System Balancing
Generation Dispatch
Switching Management
Storage Dispatch
Building Management
System Power Quality
Islanding
Ancillary Services
Demand Side Management
Demand Response
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Renewable, Distributed Generation Net Zero Energy Microgrid
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Challenges of Distributed Renewable Generation
Fuel cells and solar PV systems present challenging control issues during electric grid failures
Problem: Unacceptable power quality during grid outages
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Implementation Processes, Technologies and Systems
Energy resiliency technologies Implementation guidelines Best practices Managing green, resiliency and
legacy retrofits Grid control and monitoring to
protect critical facilities Cost Effectiveness Thorough Business Case Analysis
(including social/private industry costs of outages)
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Menu of Energy Resiliency Technologies
GEN
ERAT
ION
• Rotating Machine •Diesel, Gasoline, Propane •Natural Gas •Biogas
• Renewable • Solar Photovoltaic (PV) •Wind • Fuel Cells •Biogas •Natural gas (the new renewable) •Hydro & geothermal
• Thermal •Combined Heat and Power (CHP) •Trigeneration (energy, heating and
cooling) • Solar Water Heating
CON
TRO
L SYS
TEM
S • Building Automation and Control Systems
• Environmental/HVAC Systems •Boilers • Fans •Heat Pumps
• Smart Lighting • Microgrid Controllers •Transactive energy control • System Monitoring • Load-shedding/shifting
• Bus transfer •Automated Electrical Sectionalizing
Switchgear • Synchronizing switchgear
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Menu of Energy Resiliency Technologies
ENER
GY
S TO
RAG
E • Uninterruptible Power Supply(UPS)
• Battery Energy Storage (BES) systems
• Thermal storage • Compressed Air • Flywheel • Fuel (diesel) & CNG for
backup systems Dem
and
Side
M
anag
emen
t • Demand Response • Load Reduction • Price Response
• Energy Efficiency • Conservation
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Guidelines on Component Technologies Selection and Sizing
Generator sizing and fuel options Distribution and facility electrical topology assessment Business case considerations for individual buildings and communities
– Annual peak load – Base load – Net controllable loads – Consider building heat, hot water and cooling needs & use of cogeneration
to increase overall efficiency Weather & Event Impact Scenarios Risk Management & Spread Bets (e.g. fuel mix, supplies, storage) Electricity Supply and Economics
– Locational Marginal Price of energy – Fuel price and availability during disaster – Ability to sell power and ancillary services
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Best Practice Development for Resilient Systems
Identification & prioritization of critical facilities and systems – Emergency responders and medical facilities – Continuity of operations, communications – Social-economic continuity: Shelters, grocery stores,
fuel stations, water supply, and sewer services Weather & Disaster Scenarios (and cascading effects and
“spreading your bets,” i.e., emergency vehicles mix of fuels) Life cycle cost estimates to optimize economics based on
stakeholder agreed to value assessments Cradle to grave system engineering to manage complex
systems and to ensure integrated, upgradable system Project management office (PMO) with integrated cost,
schedule and performance metrics Effective risk management
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Managing Green and Legacy Retrofits
Integrating renewable systems with legacy systems can be costly if not designed and managed properly – Integration costs may exceed capital costs for hardware – Successful business cases demonstrate cost savings for resilient energy
using renewable energy Identify, prioritize, and geographically locate critical facilities
– Consider microgrids for geographically co-located facilities – Consider distributed generation for more isolated facilities
Consider best mix of on-site generation including need for frequency control and load following during outages
Determine economic viability of distributed generation and storage
Model power system to identify control issues and power problems early
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Grid Control and Monitoring to Protect Critical Facilities
Tier 1: Emergency responders and medical facilities – Use UPS to protect critical systems, e.g. 911 call system – Redundant power supply in addition to grid supplied
power Microgrid for co-located critical facilities Or multiple generators (backup or distributed generation) Bulk energy storage Consider resiliency and economic benefits of on-site base load
generator – Test on-site generation monthly – Test microgrid under simulated grid outage scenario at
least annually (perhaps during an overall emergency preparedness exercise) and under varied scenarios
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Grid Control and monitoring to protect critical facilities (cont.)
Tier 2: Continuity of operations & communications – Use UPS’s to protect communications systems
Emergency radio, reverse 911 call system, web, email, text messages – Support systems necessary to mobilize recovery work force – If co-located near Tier 1 facilities consider microgrid
Tier 3: Social-economic continuity: Shelters, grocery stores, fuel
stations, water supply, sewage, & business case inclusion – Keep people in the city during recovery, spending money locally,
supporting local business – Encourage grocery stores and fuel stations to install on-site rotating
generation, fuel cells or other distributed generation – Cite economic advantages, e.g. revenue generated during outages, food
storage advantages, and customer service – Ensure all pumping stations have backup power generators, even those
with 2 grid connections to protect against area-wide power outages – If co-located near Tier 1 facilities consider microgrid
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Potential Discussion Topics
Energy Assurance Challenges Energy Infrastructure Issues Energy Assurance Risk Management Business Case Issues (including social costs) Role of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Political/Social Challenges that Influence Technical
Choices Other Requirements – What do you need?
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Facilitated Discussion
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Work with Local Governments to complete plans Exploring funding sources to implement projects Identify sustained funding for continued support Provide Advanced Technical Support to some cities
– Create an energy framework with incremental layers of detail for grid and infrastructure resiliency
Next Steps
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David Michel, CEC- Contract Manager
david.michel@energy.ca.gov (916) 651-3747
Andy Petrow, ICF- Project Manager andrew.petrow@icfi.com (818) 294-5472
Contacts